Most Econ PhD programs definitely require GRE, as they usually do not belong to B-school (the majority of Econ dept. are categorized as one discipline of Social Sciences).
You can try to email the programs that you are interested in to see if they would accpet your GMAT score, but if you are serious in pure Econ, retaking GRE might be a better idea.
BTW, some schools have economics related programs in their business school; for example, USC has a program named "Finance and Business Economics", which is under their b-school, would accpet GMAT score. (USC has another Economics dept., and this "real Econ. dept." only considers GRE.)
Best of luck!
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