一些语法总结（终于写完了，算对大家有个交待）

ziwingfong

真的谢谢！

cocoon_persist

今天太郁闷了，特意过来沾点牛气！

howardwang

可以孤独求败的真正高手！

windaisy

以下是引用tonyadidas在2005-5-30 13:44:00的发言：

承蒙朋友们错爱，我在把笔记本上的语法总结录成文本。但是在很难写，因为我是记录在每一天的复习日志里的，汇总起来好像不太容易。我早上起来试着写了一些。大家看看行不行。我的总结参考了黄金规则，珠江老师的笔记，og解释，大全注释等，我复习时只是摘抄和总结，所以我没什么贡献的。（再次感谢珠江老师！！）

我的一些语法总结：

一.   所谓的原则：

1．  定语从句尽量省略原则：which be/that be+形容词/过去分词，which be/that be应尽量省略。

2．  whose/which/that就近指代原则。

3．  There be/enough/instead of(相对于rather than)/due to/because of（相对于because）/despite/if(相对于whether)/maybe出现错原则。

4．  表‘命令/建议/要求’的实意动词+that后面省略should原则（这些实意动词已包含了should的意思，所以省略should）

5．  状语从句尽量省略主语+be动词原则。（注意逻辑主语一致）状语从句引导次后接adj/done/doing正确，接n/prep短语错。

6．  宾语从句that保留原则。注意平行结构中‘三个that’的平行。

7．  强语气词（only, only if,情态动词,however/whatever/whenever/wherever）不改变原则。

8．  Have+动作性名次错原则。改为do或者be adv done。

9．  Be to do表将来时错原则

10．Having/being出现错原则。（having的特例，credit后面用having；being的特例，the chance of being/the distinction of being）。

11.Consider +n1+ n2/adj出现正确原则。

12.Compare/base用被动原则。

13.Similar to/differ from不位于句首原则

14.Continue不用进行时原则。

15.if/when/because三种关系强加/丢失错原则。

二．平行结构。

1.       引起平行的结构：

a.       and, or, but, yet

b.       not only A, but also B/not A, but B/

c.       rather than

d.       can do, do, and do/to do, do, and do/that A, that B, and that C

e.       比较结构

2.       平行的原则:形势对称，概念对等，功能相同。

a.       单复数的一致。

b.       时态的一致

c.       主被动的一致

d.       主谓宾顺序的一致

e.       介词结构的一致

我觉得这一点说得严谨一点应该有个前提，就是不改变句意的情况下，如og2

2. Since 1981, when the farm depression began, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size.

(A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size

(B) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colorado

(C)has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado

(D) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado's

(E)  has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorado's size

that is在这里可以省略，而在og109中

109. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.

(A)   that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are

(B)   that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable skills

(C)   to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are

(D)   to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding comparable skills

(E)    to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills

that are就不能省略了

不知道我有没有理解错，若有说错，请tony牛牛出来拍砖指明

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-7-4 23:28:48编辑过]

windaisy

以下是引用tonyadidas在2005-5-30 13:44:00的发言：

承蒙朋友们错爱，我在把笔记本上的语法总结录成文本。但是在很难写，因为我是记录在每一天的复习日志里的，汇总起来好像不太容易。我早上起来试着写了一些。大家看看行不行。我的总结参考了黄金规则，珠江老师的笔记，og解释，大全注释等，我复习时只是摘抄和总结，所以我没什么贡献的。（再次感谢珠江老师！！）

六.虚拟语气。

1.可能引起虚拟的结构：a.表命令/建议/要求（demand/suggest/advvise/mandate/order/propose/advocate.recommend/decree），且should必须省略。

b.it is important that （这个结构可以虚拟，og上有例子）

2.不得不说的几个问题：a.考察虚拟语气，可以直接找be，因为是动词原型。一般都这么出。因为be动词的圆形与其他形式区别最大。

b.require of sb that/require sb to do/it is required of sb to do sth(require唯一的三种正确形式)

c.suggest可以后接doing,这个时候要注意平行问题，而不再是考察虚拟。

d.demand sb to do sth是错误表达。og 上cocacola那道题是最好的例证。

e.顺便提一下‘禁止’：gmat里只有两种表达：prohibit sb from doing/ forbid sb to do

  不能互换。

十.关于Set Phrase的总结

1.        be believed to be

2.       be estimated to be

3.       distinguish between A and B/ distinguish A from B

4.       rates for(when ‘rates’ means prices charge)

5.       the cost to sb of doing sth; cost sb sth in sth

6.       attribute A to B; B is attributed to A

7.       in the coming moth

8.       admit that SVO/admit to sth

9.       introduce into

10.   in an attempt to

11.   known to do sth/known to be sth/known as sth;/known for sth

12.   the extent to which

13.   be necessary to do/the necessity of doing/sth

14.   consider n1 n2

15.   in danger of

16.   cite A as an instance of B; for instance

17.   all things adj/all the adj things

18.   credit[v] sb with having done/the credit[n] to sb for having done

19.   substitute A for B

20.   be expected to

21.   both A and B

22.   demand that s v o; [‘demand s to do’ is wrong.]

23.   mistake A for B.

24.   all of which [can not be ‘of which all’]

25.   at a time when/ the year that/the period when/ an age in which

26.   A is the reason why

27.   threaten to do

28.   allow sth to be done/sb to do sth

29.   be responsible to sb/for doing sth/sth

30.   forbid sth/doing sth; prohibit sb from doing sth

forbid sth/doing sth. 可以接doing？好像跟前面的forbid...to do有点矛盾的？

windaisy

以下是引用tonyadidas在2005-5-30 13:44:00的发言：

35.   be capable of doing sth/the capability of doing sth/be able to do sth/the ability to do sth/the possibility of doning

记得看过一篇好象是gwd题的讨论稿的帖子列过这几个搭配中是 the capability to do sth.

想确认下capability后到底是接不定式还是动名词的？

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-7-4 23:44:45编辑过]

小女公子

windaisy会尽力而为~~
喜欢独处喜欢睡觉喜欢发呆喜欢做梦喜欢音乐喜欢浪漫喜欢海边喜欢美食想出国想环游世界想换专业想读英文想快乐想开心想坚强想聪明想漂亮想中奖想去旅行想大购物想买房想买车想学唱歌想学钢琴想学网球学游水想学跳舞想要幸福...

mm怎么和我一样啊呵呵…………我还以为这个世上只有我这么爱幻想:-)

the capability of doing是固定搭配，可以用来排除选项

have the capability to do也是固定搭配，读选项的时候要看完整…………我个人是这样判断的，不过我不是nn，还请高手指教

windaisy

谢谢，女公子的确认~~

嘻嘻，女生都喜欢幻想的啦

你怎么又用回这个id啦？我喜欢这个多些，可能看的时间长感情深些吧

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-7-5 18:17:10编辑过]

jaccicywoo

Thank you so much TONYADIDAS. That's just what I need.

jerrold0023

以下是引用小女公子在2005-7-5 13:05:00的发言：

the capability of doing是固定搭配，可以用来排除选项

have the capability to do也是固定搭配，读选项的时候要看完整…………我个人是这样判断的，不过我不是nn，还请高手指教

小女公子说的那个have the capability to do我怎么没印象？   

一见到用capability to do 我就排除了。

请举个例子。