求教阅读01－8－24，25！！！！！！

susan919

Questions 20-28

The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted

today—summed up, not altogether accurately, as "research and development." Yet

historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent

Line phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world

(5) as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive

research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently

misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology

evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became

increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way

(10) to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific

methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the

nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about

using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed

for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.

(15) Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific

knowledge and of public awareness-if not understanding-of it had created a belief that the

advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic

benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the

assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting

(20) with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through

them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New

areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of

attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly

do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.

(25) In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and

the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even

be multidirectional.

24. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on which of the following?

(A) Engineering science is not very important.

(B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits.

(C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized.

(D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.

答案是B，笔记上说是在第15－16行that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits.

但是那个时间是by the middle of the nineteenth century，而题目是说late nineteenth century 啊～～～

25. The word "it" in line 16 refers to

(A) understanding

(B) public awareness

(C) scientific knowledge

(D) expansion

答案是C？？？？？？？？？

enjoylife517

24、感觉还是应该再往下多看两句，这样感觉还是B合适一些。

25、认为C正确，从句子的结构中两个并列的OF，可以认为it就是C

大家讨论

susan919

25还是不明白～～555555

enjoylife517

Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific

knowledge and of public awareness（-if not understanding-）of it had created a belief that the

advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic

benefits.

可以理解成 the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and (the rapid expansion) of public awareness of it (scientific knowledge) ，所以C就比较合适。

happytoni

24 B  多看一点或看完在做很容易得到答案

25 C

The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed

for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.

(15) Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific

knowledge and of public awareness-if not understanding-of it had created a belief that the

advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic

benefits.

把几句连起来看你就知道UNDERSTAND什么拉