请教：独立主格&同位语~~

海蓝

困扰很久了，总觉得这两个语法概念界限很模糊，很容易混。以前的理解是：同位语两个概念要完全等同，而独立主格则不然；另外，同位语的作用类似定语，独立主格作用类似状语。但发现一做题，发现以前的总结根本就不灵了。请教这两个句子：

No.1   Since 1981, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies has grown from 48 million to 59 million, an acre about the size of Colorado.

OG上的题。白勇上课时说an acre...是n+n形式的独立主格，可an acre明明是解释59 million的，怎么会是修饰谓语呢？另外，即便是独主，也应该是n+prep形式的啊？～～疑惑中。

No.2   Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that symbolized the possibility of freedom.

刘振民上的一道题，the land...是同位语，修饰Africa，可我觉得这道题和上道题实质应该是一样的。～～～更疑惑了～～～～

    

joywzy

海蓝,

我建议不用管什么独立主格还是什么同位语,只要把它们当作修饰语就可以了.

T1, 修饰59 million

T2, to modify africa.

这就可以了.

1stzhang

no.1   since 1981, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies has grown from 48 million to 59 million, an acre about the size of colorado.

The phrase is used as apposotive“同位语”.In English, absolute construcion can only be used as adverbialto explain the main verb of the main clause or to explain the whole clause.If the absolute construction is formed by n+n, the two nouns relatiohsip should logically be 'subject and predicative'.Your idea about the absolute construction and the appositive is correct.

no.2   marcus garvey advocated that some blacks return to africa, the land that symbolized the possibility of freedom.

In this sentence, "the land that ..." is appositive,modifying Africa.the difference of the two appositive is that the first one uses prepositional phrase as attributive phrase modifying '59 million', while the sencond one use a clause as the attributive modifying 'the land'.

terrygoodboy200

2个都是同位语。
1张解释的很对。
但你指的n+prep是什么？能举个例子吗。

海蓝

谢谢～～～～～明白了！！！

看来白勇的讲解多多少少还是有些问题。今晚又发现了一句：

Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-mental deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area.

这句话白勇说是n+adj的独立主格，看来还是同位语。：）

Terrygoodboy，白勇对独立主格进行分类，里面有一类是n+prep，另外还有我之前说的，n+n,n+adj和n+分词。至于n+prep的例子，我没见过，一下子还真想不出，脑子里冒出来的都是些接分词和形容词的例子。以后发现了再告诉你吧。

P.s. 1stZhang, 你的头像像极了偶家奇奇！！！呵呵～～～～

木川

我以前对同位语概念也是瞒清楚，但是听了白勇的课以后，立刻对独立主格和同位语糊涂了，而且也是糊涂的厉害。他说的是独立主格，可我怎么看都觉得是同位语。今天听楼主这么一解释，就觉得轻松了许多。独立主格我记得又一个例子，是with meat as a rarity.这道题。 不知道楼主和各位大侠还没有别的OG中的独立主格的例子拿来加深印象呢？

JerryGuan

不能以独立/同位语是修饰谓语来判断是独立主格，看下面的例子：

86. Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left

(A)  Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
(B)   In spite of his right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
(C)  Because there had been a sniper's bullet during the First World War that crippled his right hand and arm
(D)  The right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
(E)   His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War

In E, the best answer, the construction His right hand... crippled clearly and grammatically modifies the subject of the sentence, Horace Pippin. In A, the use of the two participles Having and being is ungrammatical. Choice B is awkward and changes the meaning of the original statement: the point is that Pippin's method of painting arose because of, not in spite of, his injury. Choice C is wordy and awkwardly places the clause beginning that crippled... so that it appears to modify the First World War rather than bullet. In choice D, The should be His, and being should be omitted.

独立主格也可以修饰名词。

***********引用*****************

No.1   Since 1981, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies has grown from 48 million to 59 million, an acre about the size of Colorado.

OG上的题。白勇上课时说an acre...是n+n形式的独立主格，可an acre明明是解释59 million的，怎么会是修饰谓语呢？另外，即便是独主，也应该是n+prep形式的啊？～～疑惑中。

JERRY：此介宾结构偶认为是独立主格结构修饰59 million！此结构中的介宾修饰成分不可以略去不看，必须作为一个完整的相当于“主语+表语”结构来修饰前面的59 million。

No.2   Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that symbolized the possibility of freedom.

JERRY：此先行词+定从结构是同位语。因为此结构的中心词是the land，修饰部分可以先略去不看，于是就可以变成Africa, the land. 名词修饰名词的同位语。

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[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-30 0:09:28编辑过]

juan

可不可以这样理解呢？：

No.1   Since 1981, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies has grown from 48 million to 59 million, an acre about the size of Colorado.
an acre 做前面 59 million的同位，补充修饰59million的。 而an acre about the size of Colorado又是个名词+介词的独立主格。an acre 既是前面的同位结构，而an acre about the size of Colorado又是个独立主格结构。

No.2   Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that symbolized the possibility of freedom.

the land做前面Africa的同位。而that symbolized..从句是修饰the land.

我这样的理解对吗？

JerryGuan

楼上的侠之大者juan, 我个人觉得：

No.1，an acre about the size of Colorado是名词+介词的独立主格；不能再说：an acre 是前面的同位结构。

No.2，我同意楼上的观点。

有请其他NN~~~

juan

明白了.郑重感谢JerryGuan. 谢谢.