How to improve Arguement?

wenshushili

有问题想请教一下: 做了很多逻辑(argument)题目,可是成绩还是不见效. 逻辑题目虽短,可想抓出它的重点还是不简单. 可否请教各位高手有什么建议能提升理解能力? 每次用POE (Process of Elimination)删到剩下两个的时候, 就很难抉择到底哪个才是正确的...

idyll

我觉得，可能是你依赖POE的缘故吧。先看问题，再看题目，读着题目的时候，就感觉哪里是问题问的，然后去选项中找正确答案。

wenshushili

I chose D though. Could anyone explain why the answer is (A)?

A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists - F,G, H - three chemists -K,L,M- and three zoologists -P,Q,R. Selection is governed by the hollowing conditions:
The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types.
If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected.
F and K cannot both be selected.
K and M cannot both be selected.
If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.

5. If both G and H are among the scientists selected, then the paenl must include either
(A) F or else K
(B) F or else M
(C) K or else M
(D) M or else Q
(E) P or else Q

dphxmg

先看从每组专家中各选多少人--有两种可能性：3b,1c,1z; or 2b,2c,1z.

在前一种可能性下：f,g,h; l; p/q/r

在后一种可能性下：g,h; k,l; p/q/r

这一题问：这个评委会必定包括哪两个人中的恰好一个人（隐含：这两个人不能同时出现在评委会中）

答案：从上面我们分析的两种可能来看，只有，f,k 符合这个条件。所以，正确选项就是A了。

wenshushili

谢谢你得快速指点，我明白了。

dphxmg

另外一种解法是：

（1）还是先看从每组专家中各选多少人--有两种可能性：3b,1c,1z; or 2b,2c,1z.

（2）p,q,r中只有一个入选，所以，出现p,q,r的备选项D, E必须被排除掉。

（3）由于p,q,r中只有一个入选，所以，m必不出现在这个委员会中. 因此，我们又排除掉备选项B, C.

（4）所以只好选A了。

wenshushili

大侠, 真高兴有你的详细指导. 想请教另一个问题. Argument的题目有时候很tricky. 明明题目没有一个单字, 却不懂它到底在说什么. 该如何加强这方面的功力? 嗯. 等等我看到有问题的再提出来给大侠瞧瞧. ^.^

wenshushili

Editorialist: Some people argue that we have an obligation not to cut down trees. however, there can be no obligation to an entity unless that entity has a corresponding right. So if we have an obligation toward trees, then trees have rights. But trees are not the sort of things that can have rights. Therefore, we have no obligation no to cut down trees.

The editorialist's argument depends on assuming which one of the following?
(A) If an entity has a right to certain treatment, we have an obligation to treat it that way.
(B) Any entity that has rights also has obligations.
(C) Only conscious entitits are the sort of things that can have rights.
(D) Avoiding cutting down trees is not an obligation owed to some entity other than trees.
(E) One does not always have the right to cut down the trees on one's own property.

wenshushili

Marc: The fact that the people of our country look back on the past with a great deal of nostalgia demonstrates that they regret the recent revolution.
Robert: They are not nostalgic for the recent past, but for the distant past, which the prerevolutionary regime despised; this indicates that although they are troubled, they do not regret the revolution.

Their dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Marc and Robert agree that the people of their country

(A) tend to underrate past problems when the country faces troubling times
(B) are looking to the past for solution to the country's current problems
(C) are likely to repeat former mistakes if they look to the country's past for solutions to current problems
(D) are concerned about the country's current situation and this is evidenced by their nostalgia
(E) tend to be most nostalgic for the things that are the farthest in their past

Why is (D) correct? Robert seems not agree people are nostalgic.