对于with的用法 独立主格还是伴随状态的介词 分不清楚 求大神解答TAT

Gkibt

楼主你好啊
非牛，学习中，一点小看法对于with。因为对中文里一些语法名词解释我都不太理解的清，所以有一些我都是看的外国人讲的，总体来说就是句意出发，然后理解所谓的语法。

以下摘自magoosh（resource：https://magoosh.com/gmat/2015/with-noun-participle-on-gmat-sentence-correction/)：
Case I: action by a different agentThis first case is the 100% wrong case.  Think about it this way.  The independent clause of a sentence has a subject and verb, and that subject is the “actor,” the doer-of-the-action, in the main clause.  If we want to talk about a different “actor” performing a different action, then we need another clause: either a second independent clause, joined by a correlative conjunction (e.g. “and“, “but“, “or“) , or a pair of correlative conjunctions; or a dependent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun/adverb.
Subordinate conjunctions: ON A WHITE BUS: Only if; Now that; Although, after, as; While, whereas, whether; If, in case; Though; Even though, even if; Because, before; Until, unless; Since, so, so … that.
Relative pronoun: who, whom, whose, what, that, which, whoever, whatever
Relative adverbs: why, how, where, when, however, wherever, whenever
If the main clause talks about one actor and his action, and we want to discuss a second actor and his separate action, we need a full clause, either independent or dependent.  That’s the rule.
The mistake is to use this structure, “with” + [noun] + [participle], as a substitute for a full clause.  For example,

In sentence #6, in walking to Canossa, the Emperor Henry IV is one actor performing one action in the subordinate clause, and Pope Gregory VII is another actor performing a different action in the main clause.  In sentence #7, the CEO is one actor performing one action in the main clause, and the sales are another “actor” doing something else.  In each case, the correct solution is to use a subordinate clause, a full clause to contain a new action.  In both cases, using the “with” + [noun] + [participle] structure in the place of a full clause is completely wrong.  This use will always be wrong on the GMAT Sentence Correction.

Case II: additional descriptionThis second case is perfectly acceptable.  In this case, there is an actor performing an action in the main sentence, and the “with” + [noun] + [participle] structure simply acts a noun modifier to provide some additional description to one of the nouns.  This structure doesn’t contain a whole new action performed by somebody else, but merely adds what we might call some artistic detail to the sentence.   For example

In both cases, there’s not another “actor” performing an action in addition to the action of the main clause.  Instead, the “with” phrase adds some descriptive detail to the sentence: it functions as a noun-modifier, as an adjectival phrase.   What’s being described in the “with” phrase is not an action but merely a fixed detail of something.  This is 100% correct, and could appear as part of the OA in a GMAT Sentence Correction question.


再看这道题，主句为 an array collects and transmits data between the ocean and the atmosphere。on long-term interactions 应该是修饰data的 中文意思是 在一个什么养的情况下array 做出对data的动作然后在什么之间，那么，后的internations 是对前面出现的internations的解释，所以同位语。
如果用with在这里，那么就句意上来说很容易理解成伴随，中文大概就是，array怎着了data，然后伴随一个internations 影响了 global climate。那么，with的用法根据上面的case two，它违反了 “there’s not another “actor” performing an action in addition to the action of the main clause”

希望有帮助