询问一个语法现象 嵌入式关系分句（附三道原题）

waterblue01

           OG-13-120.

           The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.

(A ) a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B ) a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(C) a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings’ burning of fossil fuels,

(D) which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

      Prep2012-Pack1-SC-030
      A recent poll of elected officials suggests that candidates, when in the midst of a tough campaign, often make statements about an opponent that they may not think is true.
           A. Is
           B. are
          C. to be
          D. of as
          E. it is

    SC1000-145

      Astronomersat the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.

(A) that they believe is

(B) that they believe it to be

(C) they believe that it is of

(D) they believe that is

(E) they believe to be of

         
三道题依次选 C，A，E
问题在这里，三道题看上去都是一个结构    但是为何前两个选 is 第三个选 to be，然后 前两个有that，第三个没有that

（章振邦的《新编英语语法》（CD上有下载），在1193—1395页赫然发现一个语法词条——嵌入式关系分句），详解如下：
    “有一种关系分句（即定语从句），它既是先行项的后置修饰语（即定语），同时又是另外一个分句结构的宾语（即宾语从句）”此分句结构就被嵌入在定语从句中，即嵌入式关系分句。
该书举例：

In his breast-pocket he hada patch of scarlet, which i suppose was the paper cap serving as ahandkerchief.
注意两点：

1）从句which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 首先是 patch of scarlet的定语从句。         

2）从句which（patch of scarlet） was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 也是i suppose 的宾语从句，即I suppose （that）the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving asa handkerchief 。

综上所述，当一个定语从句同时是另一个主谓结构的宾语从句是，就可以写为嵌入式关系分句

我在shanghai

信息简化。

Prep2012-Pack1-SC-030
A recent poll of elected officials (主语） suggests （动词） that（开始一个新的复杂结构，前面内容可忽略） candidates（从句中的主语不可省略）, when in the midst of a tough campaign (when引导的从句增加信息可忽略）, often make statements（从句中的动词和宾语，不省略） about an opponent（关于statements的额外信息，可省略） that（statements的从句，不要省略） they may not think is (that 是 stamtements的modifider, 那么根据agreement的原则是are。。。。）true.

Candidates often make statements that (they may not think) are true. 这道题选B啊
           A. Is
           B. are
          C. to be
          D. of as
          E. it is

  

我在shanghai

lotus芙芙 发表于 2015-11-26 20:19
第二个不是选B吗。。。

同意！               

淉芦

SUSTECHRAY 发表于 2019-10-23 22:36
感觉回答由点误导人

非常经典的回答和例题，解释的很到位啊，老哥

SUSTECHRAY

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-4 16:17
这三个例子情况并不是一样的

前面两个句子

感觉回答由点误导人

director107

对于第二题，在此引用一下Magoosh网站上面的一个解释~

Mike@magoosh: This sentence is tricky, but there is no pronoun ambiguity. Here's the OA again:

【正确的句子】A recent poll of elected officials suggests that candidates, when in the midst of a tough campaign, often make statements about an opponent that they may not think are true.

The phrase "about an opponent" is what is known in grammar as a vital noun modifier. See:
http://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/gmat-grammar-vital-noun-modifiers/

A vital noun modifier can come between a noun and a non-vital modifier. That is why the noun "statements" does not have to touch its modifier, "that they may not think are true."

其表达的意思即是说：“about an opponent”是修饰statements的修饰语（显而易见的），是限定statements的范围、说明statements具体内容的修饰语——属于Vital Noun Modifier（姑且称为限定性的修饰语）。而这种限定性的修饰语可以放在【被修饰对象】和【非限定性的/其他修饰语】中间，因此后面的定语从句（嵌入式关系分句）的that可以“跳跃修饰”statements——此为修饰语就近规则（Modifier Touch Rule）的一个例外。

所以，
1、各类修饰语似乎可以参照定语从句的两种类型，分为“限定性的”和“非限定性的”，是否可以通俗地理解为——前者去掉会影响原句意思，造成ambiguity；而后者是补充性的，砍掉不造成实质性影响的？
2、如果对于“A prep B”结构，后续的修饰语依然想要修饰B，而接that从句，会不会造成模糊呢？这一点我不太确定，需要请教大佬。个人的观点是，谁修饰谁应该依照语意、搭配和逻辑的判断得出确切的意思；一般情况下应当遵循就近原则（“Touch”）。
     以上述链接中的例句为例：
     Wrong/Awkward: I am going to the show with my friend Kevin, who likes Elvis, the nicest person I know.
     Right: The workers at the envelope factory, having been on strike for seven weeks, were finally close to a settlement with management.
     
      错误句子中，non-Vital Modifier混在中间，使得后面的修饰语好像在修饰Elvis（...万一真的想修饰Elvis怎么办？）。
      正确句子中不会有任何问题，没有人会觉得factory会on strike。

贴出原贴的链接：
https://www.beatthegmat.com/election-poll-new-gmat-prep-t112275.html

期待有大佬看到能够进一步答疑解惑呀~~

咚咚强东强

waterblue01 发表于 2014-7-4 18:49
谢谢。但是按照你的这个解释
第二个不是可以理解成 they may not think an opponent to be true..
我当时 ...

第二题（C）选项的think to be此句型通常仅限于 think 用作被动语态,即be thought to be——eg :He is thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.
第三题（E）one they believe to be of就是one of+嵌入式关系分句，表示许多种类之中的某一种（未知超新星），而（A）that they believe is a type就变成了one is a type，不能有效地表示很多种类中的某一种的意思且非常unidiomatic，相比之下（E）更为简洁有效。believe to be，牛津和朗文给出的用法例句虽然也都是用的被动但是没有说主动形式不能用，而think to be明确表明只能用于被动语态.
第一题（A）和（E）agree to do虽然中文意思也为同意，但是英文解释为say yes to sth而非share the same opinion所以不能选，剩下的分析和之前的NN分析一样。

白夜未行tang

感谢分享！               

louisgogogo

感谢分享！               

桃乐酱

Mark一下！