征集三个argument的提纲

serenity2012

之前有下载新G-argument的翻译+提纲，但发现下面三道题有的没提纲，或者有的提纲非常简单，说得很不清楚。希望有热心的同学能帮忙比较全面的总结以下三提的提纲，非常感谢！！！

30.

The following appeared as a recommendation by a committee planning a

ten-year budget for the city of Calatrava.

The birthrate in our city is declining: in fact, last year’s birthrate was only

one-half that of five years ago. Thus the number of students enrolled in

our public schools will soon decrease dramatically, and we can safely

reduce the funds budgeted for education during the next decade. At the

same time, we can reduce funding for athletic playing fields and other

recreational facilities. As a result, we will have sufficient money to fund

city facilities and programs used primarily by adults, since we can expect

the adult population of the city to increase.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed

to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or

strengthen the argument.

41.

The following appeared in a health newsletter.

“A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet

while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of

all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is

nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same

ten-year period, the number of bicycle-related accidents has increased

200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because

they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to

reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the

government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle

safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets.

“Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated

assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument

depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the

argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.”

92.

Workers in the small town of Leeville take fewer sick days than workers

in the large city of Masonton, 50 miles away. Moreover, relative to

population size, the diagnosis of stress-related illness is proportionally

much lower in Leeville than in Masonton.According to the Leeville

Chamber of Commerce, these facts can be attributed to the health benefits

of the relatively relaxed pace of life in Leeville.

“Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative

explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how

your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the

argument.”

serenity2012

19911006 发表于 2013-8-19 20:54
不过建议楼主最好自己写，这样会有很深的体会

嗯，我尽量。我下个月就考试了，现在有点来不及了，我issue还没看呢，A看了大部分了，写了10多个练习，感觉也没啥提高。

serenity2012

dennyanddemi 发表于 2013-8-19 20:08
30.•        E1：建议设立的基础就是关于城市出生率的统计数据。但是这个统计数据是谁作出的报告？是政府机关还是 ...

十分感谢你写的真好！好几条我都没想到，大家集思广益可以扩展思路！再次谢谢！

serenity2012

十分感谢 @dennyanddemi 你写的真好！！好几条我都没想到！大家集思广益可以扩展出好多思路！

19911006

不过建议楼主最好自己写，这样会有很深的体会

19911006

30的逻辑链是递进的

19911006

30：结论：As a result, we will have sufficient money to fund
city facilities and programs used primarily by adults, since we can expect the adult population of the city to increase.

dennyanddemi

30.•        E1：建议设立的基础就是关于城市出生率的统计数据。但是这个统计数据是谁作出的报告？是政府机关还是名见机构？研究的权威性和可信度也值得我们思考。
•        E2：这个数据只是说last year's birthrate was only one-half that of five years ago，并没有给出具体的数据同时没有给出这五年间人口的变化数据，所以我们无法判断人口出生率下降是长期趋势还是暂时的现象。比如去年有严重的水灾和旱灾等。
•        E3：即使出生率确实下降，也不见得the number of students enrolled in our public schools will soon decrease dramatically, andthe adult population of the city to increase。首先去年出生率下降，如果以6岁为开始上学的年龄那么至少6年后入学人数才会下降。其次，出生率下降，不一定就带来成年人人口数目的增加。虽然有可能使得成人的人口比例上升。同时无法保证未来会有其他的情况，比如疾病，移民，老年人口的死亡等，导致成年人数量下降。
•        E4：we can safely reduce the funds budgeted for education during the next decade这是一个完全缺少支持的论断，首先必须保证未来十年人们的生育观念不会发生变化，国家不会推出鼓励生育的政策。同时，成年人也有接受教育的需求，减少预算不是减少了成人受教育的机会？
•        E5： we can reduce funding for athletic playing fields and other recreational facilities 则必须保证成年人不会使用公共的健身设施，只有小孩使用


41•        有调查存在，所以必然写调查类的问题。首先，作者必须假设这些调查都是公正的。其次假设调查的方法，取样，数据处理，结果的核实和验证都是可靠的。实施者没有任何偏颇之处。
•        作者的论据强调了因为戴了头盔所以松懈大意导致事故数反而升高了。这必须假设：
•        现在的安全帽和过去一样，才可以类比。如果说安全帽的质量出现了大的下滑，原来用的是红色醒目的安全帽，现在却使用了不醒目颜色的安全帽。
•        没有其他因素导致安全事故。比如：现在自行车设计的缺陷增多了；自行车驾驶者的数量增加；没有足够的自行车道路；机动车数量激增；行人和车手不遵守交通规则；交通管理和规划的不合理。
•        即使我们知道安全事故很多，但是还是无法支持论点2的合理性。也就是作者必须假定：安全教育可以改善自行车手的安全意识并且安全意识提高可以发挥减少交通事故作用；人们可以在这些教育发挥作用的同时坚持下去，而不会荒废；同时自行车也会是主要交通工具而不会出现因为使用自行车的人的减少导致的事故数的减少。


资料里的提纲。。。。楼主还是自己想吧比较好一点。。。我也正在学习分析A错误中。加油

竹林中人

LZ可以看下电子版的新GRE写作5.5里面有木有