According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocking out a communications satellite.
87. According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocking out a communications satellite.
(A) an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocking
(B) an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun was what recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, and it brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocked
(C) an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, brightening the Northern Lights and possibly knocking
(D) a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, recently triggered by an expanding cloud of energized particles, brightened the Northern Lights and it possibly knocked
(E) a large storm in the magnetic field surrounding Earth was recently triggered by an expanding cloud of energized particles, brightening the Northern Lights and it possibly knocked
basically, "X did Y, making Z happen" means ...
... X didn't directly make Z happen,
but
... Z happened because X did Y.
in any case, it's certainly possible that more than one version of the sentence might work.
e.g.,
I sang a beautiful song, making the audience smile.
I sang a beautiful song that made the audience smile.
these two sentences express very similar, but not identical, ideas. the first emphasizes my personal role in bringing happiness to the audience, while the second downplays my personal influence, instead emphasizing the role of the song itself.
similarly, it's possible that "a cloud triggered a storm that did xxx" would also work here.