-------------

1369179610

本帖是prep1 sc 部分（目前是OG13 sc部分） 发帖格式：        单词 词组 句型  /主干翻译/   正确句子 （每天20句）

从第11楼开始，OG13语法题 50题/日
发帖格式：
考点
错误句子
正确句子

1369179610

mutual fund 合股投资公司，共有基金

共有基金投资公司，很少超过公司股权的1%
111.A mutual fund having billions of dollars in assets will typically invest that money in hundreds of companies, rarely holding more than one percent of the shares of any particular corporation.

construction of 建造
colosseum 罗马圆形大剧场
reign of 统治
pageant 盛会，游行
gladiatorial games 斗剑运动
spectacles 壮观的场面

建造开始并完成。
112.Construction of the Rome Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants (盛会，游行), gladiatorial (争论的，斗剑者的) games, and spectacles (景象，奇观).

emerge from 产生于
the darkness of 黑暗
womb子宫
rudimentary未成熟的
sense of vision 视力
be rated about 被定级为
be deemed sth 被认定是
legally 法律上地
婴儿从黑暗中出生。
113.A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary (初步的，基本的，未发展的) sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.

starfish 海星
regenerative ability 再生能力
overcompensating 过度代偿
if X, (then) Y, 在条件句中，x和y的结构，和时态必须是一样的~~
海星有很强的再生能力，如果一个手臂丢了他会很快的替回来。
114.Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.


marine code 海商法
islet 小岛
fishery 渔业
international disputes  国际纠纷
uninhabited 无人居住的
海商法已经引起了国际纠纷
115.Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.

building and loan associations   建房贷款合作协会
payment
mortagage        抵押
take turns doing 轮流做某事
draw on   利用动用经验，能力；支取款项
协会以有限生命基金的形式被组织起来。
116.The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.

假设被普遍接受
117.Gall’s hypothesis that different mental functions are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today.

except vt.
毛里求斯是英殖民地，但是英语没有在这个地方普及
118.Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years, but except in the domains of administration and teaching, the English language was never really spoken on the island.

rural 乡下
legitimate 合法的，合理的
consider A B
legitimate 合法的
portray 描述
GS 是第一个考虑并描述乡村文学的人。
119.George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writer to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them with sympathy and respect in her novels.


havoc 大破坏
migratory bird 候鸟
基金认为全球变暖会造成灾难。
120.The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human being’s burning of fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.

reversals 逆转，反转
the Earth's magnetic field
onset of 开始
splitting 裂开
小行星的撞击导致了。。。（4件事。）
121.New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, the splitting apart of continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.
*the + -ing = n.

specialize in 专攻
claim that + clause
claim to do
一个电影可以构造300多人物性格。
122.A firm that specialized in the analysis of handwriting claims to be able, from a one-page writing sample, to assess more than 300 personality traits, including enthusiasm, imagination, and ambition.


啤酒的销售下降又上升。
123.Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption （适度消费）of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.

emigrate to 迁居到
discerning 有识别力的
prestigious 有声望的
摄影师赢得了粉丝，照片也被展出。
124.Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States.

agricultural technology 农业技术
acreage    英亩数
同样的英亩生产了两倍的苹果
125.Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.

测谎仪的使用基于这样一个假设。
126.The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.

claim to be 声称
libernate the city 解放城市
claim his throne 登上王位
divinely: adv. 凭神的力量；象神一样地；庄严地；[口]极好地
persuade x to do y
贞德掀起了抗英胜利浪潮
127.Joan of Arc, a young Frenchwoman who claimed to be divinely inspired, turned the tide of English victories in her country by liberating the city of Orleans and persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne.


embryologist 胚胎学家
find evidence to do 找到证据
aquatic animal 水生动物
trunk 象鼻
snorkel水下呼吸器
evolved as 由。。演化而来
大象是由水生动物演化来的。
128.Australian embryologists have found evidence to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally evolved as a kind of snorkel.

C说由阿卡迪亚人带到路易斯安那的方言。
129.Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the 4,000 Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added.

法国75%能量源于核能,德国只有33%
130.Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany.

psychopath  精神病患者
be incapable of
feel compassion
feel the pangs of conscience
精神变态者指的是无法同情或受良心折磨的人。
131.Although the term “psychopath” is popularly applied to an especially brutal criminal, in psychology it refers to someone who is apparently incapable of feeling compassion or the pangs (痛苦) of conscience.

heirloom 传家宝
appetizing 促进食欲的
bump 肿起物
flavorful 有风味的
虽然传统的柿子不好看，但是味道好，因此需求提高。
132.Although heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year, appear less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins ------ they are often green and striped (有条纹的), or have plenty of bumps and bruises (擦伤) -----heirlooms are more flavorful and thus in increasing demand.


shrimper 捕虾器
news conference 记者招待会
take some credit for 因而得到好评
compliance with laws 服从法律
捕虾人因保护乌龟受到赞扬，他们对要求装乌龟驱赶装置的法律的服从保护了那些成年乌龟。
133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp’s ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.

shift-work 换班工作
implemented 实行，实施
fatigue 疲乏
转换工作方程减少了。。继而提高了工作效率
134.Recently implemented “shift-work equation” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.

apprenticeship 学徒
culminate in
virtually 实际上
bestow  赠给
learned societies 学术团体
FM 的事业开始并达到顶峰
135.Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller’s career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.

array 排列
管道在鸟类上是随便排列的。
136.Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.

acclaim 喝彩
J和G是典型：生前显贵，死后被遗弃。
137.Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of composer who receives popular acclaim while living, but whose reputation declines after death and never regains its former status.


combat diseases 与疾病斗争
efforts to do 为...的尝试
pesticides 杀虫剂
尝试集中于疫苗和灭蚊。
138.Most efforts to combat such mosquito-borne diseases as malaria and dengue (登革热) have focused on either vaccinating (给…注射疫苗) humans or exterminating (消灭，根除) mosquitoes with pesticides.

sighting 观察
sensation 感觉
哈雷彗星引起了世界前所未有的关注。（你看看，说的这个结构~~完美~~）
139.In no other historical sighting did Halley’s Comet cause such as worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.

eradicate 完全根除
date at … years old
impact 影响，撞击
岩石样品被测定年代并作为证据
140.Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.

1369179610

monument 纪念碑

clan（s）宗族
当雨水减少，大多数的MVA抛弃自己的家，投靠雨水更丰富的宗族。
101. As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.

102.yellow jackets 小黄蜂
       number 总共
       sterile 不生育的
小黄蜂是世界群居蜂种中占900多种，几乎全部由母蜂组成~~
102. Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps, wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of females——the queen and her sterile female workers.

periodic 周期性的
abnormal
厄尔尼诺是一种现象
103. El Nino, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.

coordinate 配合
narratives 叙述
keen 敏锐的
Beatrix 倾注了她敏锐的观察力和爱
104. In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.

conceive of sth/sb/doing (as sth)
substitute for 代替
Polar opposites=exact/complete opposites
Be precisely the opposite
Marconi 构想。。。这与现实正好相反。
105. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
Use 用途
Criminology 犯罪
技术可以应用于很多领域
106. Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
Run plants
As for 至于，关于
The fixed costs （复数名词）
固定成本使得电更加昂贵
107. While the costs of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
Authoritative 权威的
Permissive  冠宏大量的
Be high in self-esteem
Responsibly independent
权威的父母更可能有自信，自尊，自强的孩子。
108. Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident,high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.
Terra-cotta 陶瓷的
Effigy 人的雕像
Supplicant 祈祷者
Ills
众多物品中，雕像被祈祷者留下来
109. Among the objects found in the excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea's aid in heating physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help.
Make one's reputation as +（头衔）    建立名声
信使杂志由两个年轻的记者创办并编辑。
110. Published in Harlem, The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.

1369179610

97.anthropologist 人类学家
genetic homogeneity   遗传纯和率
genetic variation 遗传变异
主干：现形纯合子是人口瓶颈的结果。


97. Some anthropologists believe that the genetic homogeneity evident in the world's people is the result of a "population bottleneck"——that at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event that greatly reduced their numbers and thus our genetic variation.


98.playwright(s) dramatist 剧作家
translated into
F已经写了40本著作，他的作品比同期剧作家出产的更频繁。




98. Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written 40 plays; his works——translated into more than 30 languages——are produced more often than those of any other contemporary German dramatist.


in motion 开动中，运转中
tremendous 极大的
faraway 遥远的
lifetime一生，寿命
星星在运动，但是它们离我们很远，以至于不便在某个人的一生中有多大的位置变化。


99. Like the planets, the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speed, but they are so faraway from Earth that their  apparent positions in the sky do not change enough for their  movement to be observed during a single human lifetime.


100.incipient 开始的，初期的
   misinterpret 误解
a course of action 一连串行动
make an executive miss signs of.. 因操作程序而发现不了。。。的迹象
过于专注某个做法，特别是某个过去一直挺有效的做法，很可能会发现不了初期的故障信号或者当信号出现时错误地理解他们。
100. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

1369179610

见附件

1369179610

a mere two dozen products                     仅仅二十几个产品
account for                                                 导致
the increase in doing
prescription drugs                                     处方药
higher-cost                                                高成本的
Be done not just by...but also by...
主干：一个现象(的产生)，不仅是因为..，而且是因为...


86. In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted for half the increase in spending on prescription drugs, a phenomenon that is explained not just by the fact that drugs are becoming more expensive but also by the fact that doctors are writing many more prescriptions for higher-cost drugs.


87.monitor                                         监控
trigger                                                 引发
energized particles                            能量粒子
eject from                                            喷射
the magnetic field                              磁场
the Northern Lights                           北极光
knock out                                            击中
a communication satellite                 通讯卫星
句式结构： 状语，简单句+定语从句，状语。
能量粒子引发磁暴。
87. According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds EArth, brightening the Northern Lights and possibly knocking out a communications satellite.


88.hydrocarbons                               碳氢氧化物
  nitrogen oxides                              氮氧化物
  pollutants                                        污染物质（种类）
  emited by automobiles                  汽车排放
当H和N与阳光反应时，臭氧形成了。


88.Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.

1369179610

80. The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit.

抢救柑橘的唯一办法就是将其加工成浓缩果汁
salvage 抢救
citrus 柠檬树，柑橘树
juice concerntrate 果汁浓缩物
the only way to do ...is to do..
before后面是可以跟句子的


81. Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.
海獭鳍的化石被测定为34百万年前。
sloth 海獭
on the Greater Antilles Islands 大安地列斯群岛

82.Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients' misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but if criminal or delinquent behaviour is attributed to an allergy to some food, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.

反方律师声明行为不当是由于反应；做错事的人被告知。。
defense attorney 反方律师
misconduct   criminal/ delinquent behavior 行为不当
a reaction to/ an allergy to sth. 对。。的反应
stem from 源于
in effect 实际上
actions 行为
be attributed to


83. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come from the incineration of wastes.

二噁英源于垃圾焚烧。
a report by ..for ..has concluded that..
many of
currently
be exposed to
the incineration of
wastes


84. Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are caused not by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but by a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach.

胃溃疡是由于其外粘膜的一种细菌导致的。
stomach ulcers
be caused by
rich foods
dwell in
mucous lining of the stomach




85. According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.
拥有并生活在一个独立式的房子里是很多年轻人的梦想。
according to
poll
a freestanding house
a goal of
a majority of
young adults
be of earlier generations

1369179610

75. More and more in recent years, cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities, despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support.


主干：越来越多的城市强调艺术和投资文化艺术。
more and more 越来越多
are doing and doing...
as a means to sth.
strained municipal budgets
fading federal support


76. Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence,environmental changethe Neanderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
主干：N准备好面对困难，但是他们的突然消失显示了无力适应。
enormous physical strength  巨大的体力，力量
higher intelligence 较高的智力
neanderals 穴居人
be equipped to do
the Paleolithic era
an inability to do
adapt to

77. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.


主干 一个协议减少了磷酸盐的倾倒
phosphates 磷酸盐
municipalities 市政区
dump into 倾倒
78. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horn have been trimmed.

主干：一个提议已经做出；问题是。。
make a proposal 提议
trim 修剪
discourage 使沮丧
poacher 偷猎者
whether sb will do...once ..have been done.
79. Ryunosuke Akutagawa's knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style and the content of his fiction.
RA 的知识很有帮助。
literatures 文学，文学作品informing 提供情报的
instrumental in 有帮助的
one's development as a writer
literary style
看看~~其实就是个简单句~~写的真给力~

1369179610

70.It is unclear whether chimpanzees are unique among nonhuman species in their ability to learn behaviors from one another, or whether other animals would exhibit similar patterns if they were studied in as much depth.
in depth 全面地，深入地
exhibit patterns 存在。。模式


71.Paper production accounts for approximately 40 percent of the world's industrial use of wood, and the market for paper is growing faster than the market for all other major wood products.


account for 导致
industrial use of wood 工业木材使用


72.Broccoli thrives in moderate to cool climates and is propagated by seeds sown either directly in the field or in plant beds designed to produce transplants.
broccoli 西兰花
thrive 长得健壮
in moderate 稳健的
be propagated by 繁衍
beds 苗圃
transplant（s）移植




73.Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.
comprise 包含

74.Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.

are not...but are...

1369179610

65.Developed by Pennsylvania's Palatine Germans about 1750, Conestoga wagons had high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie, and a floor that was curved upward at both ends to prevent cargo from shifting on steep grades.
主干：由P的享有王权的德国人在1750年发明的C运货马车有高高的车轮和两边都翘起的底部。


66.Africa's black rhino population in the mid-1970's numbered about 20,000, ten times the estimated population of 2,000 in 1997.
主干：黑犀牛在1970年代中期总数是1997年估计数目的十倍。


number 总共



67.Scientists say that each of the photographs taken of the Ares Vallis plain by the Mars Pathfinder indicates the overwhelming extent of the flooding on the planet billions of years ago and the degree to which rocks were scattered by its force.
主干： 照片 暗示 洪灾巨大区域 和石头被冲散的程度。



68. The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is to soak them in liquid after pounding them with a mortar and pestle.
extract 提取
soak 浸泡
pound 捣碎
mortar 研钵
pestle 杵
saffron threads 藏红花丝
the best way to ...is to...


69.The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to the passage in 1999 of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling.
主干：CS的增长导致了1999年“反域名抢占”消费者保护法案的诞生。
proliferation 增长
domain name 域名
in hopes of doing 希望着
for a profit 为了利益
passage of 通过
seek up to 追索上至。。钱的
in damages 在损失方面
with the sole intent of selling 只想卖出的意图
sa