第一题的句子主干是这样的:
The Senate approved legislation that would
grant ___andpenalize ___.
See? 标记的两部分是平行关系,所以压根就不关"that"的事儿。
逻辑问题是最主要的问题。当你读懂了这句话的意思,你就知道必须写成... would
grant ___andpenalize ___直接就C了。
pronoun ambiguity的问题,往往伴随其他更严重的逻辑问题一起出现。所以我不会拿我眼里的pronoun ambiguity作为唯一的cutoff criteria. 但就这题来说,A确实存在pronoun ambiguity,因为逻辑上they指代employers或者aliens都make sense。要说语法,整个pronoun这部分,绝对的语法规则,有且仅有2条:
1. the antecedent must exist
2. the pronoun and its antecedent must agree in number
所以至于你说的“
在平行结构中,主语位置的指代是强指代”,这仅仅是preference,或者称为统计学规律,绝不是absolute rule.
除了以上两条absolute rules,其他都靠逻辑去解决。
如果你需要一个反例,here it is
Christlers, the famous art house in London, owns several Hussains of various periods
on account of having achieved an iconic status in the English art circle.
(A) on account of having
(B) on account of their having
(C) because they have
(D) because of having
(E) because it has
http://www.beatthegmat.com/pronoun-reference-t99635.html还有些反例包括关于pronoun的讨论在我的日记贴里
第二题
"
还有这里be published的be的省略我不大清楚"
Please refer to
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_Preparation/thread-646901-75-1.html #747
关于that,第一个that肯定必须有,后面的是否省略?看句型。
比如很典型的不省略的例子,著名的独立宣言:
We hold these truths to be self-evident,
that all men are created equal,
that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights,
that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
如果省掉"that"你读读,自己都能感觉到不顺口,对不对?
OG92这样的省略that的例子太常见了。其实这根本不算是省略,你想成平行:
Officials have ordered that
A do X and
B do Y.
这里
A do X 和
B do Y 平行,用and连接,done! 根本不关"that"的事儿
OG11 Q91、The Senate approved immigration legislation that would grant permanent residency to millions of aliens currently residing here and if employers hired illegal aliens they would be penalized.
(A) if employers hired illegal aliens they would be penalized
(B) hiring illegal aliens would be a penalty for employers
(C) penalize employers who hire illegal aliens
(D) penalizing employers hiring illegal aliens
(E) employers to be penalized for hiring illegal aliens
答案:C
关于A选项OG解释说:The provisions are not stated in parallel ways; it is unclear whether employers or illegal aliens would be penalized
就是说they指代有歧义,可能指代employers 和aliens。Manhattan说,在平行结构中,主语位置的指代是强指代。我想问的是,这一点只适用于平行结构么?像这样的主句与从句的主语位置指代就不是强指代了么?
还有一点,我觉得C也有问题,The senate approved immigration legislation that….and (that)…..我记得这个that最好不省略的。难道是OG11中有些条款现在不适用?望NN指教~~
Q92、. Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, state health officials have ordered the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches to be measured and that the results be published.
(A) the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches to be measured and that the results be
(B) that seawater at popular beaches should be measured for their levels of bacteria, with the results being
(C) the measure of levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches and the results to be
(D) seawater measured at popular beaches for levels of bacteria, with their results
(E) that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results
答案:E
OG说:For the sake of conciseness, that and be are not repeated.
同样,个人觉得E选项the results 前的that最好不省略。还有这里be published的be的省略我不大清楚,个人还是觉得不省略更加清楚。
欢迎拍砖~~~
-- by 会员 半阙 (2012/3/21 16:54:32)
-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/3/21 18:45:51)