[持续讨论帖]OG12 14关于although （2012.4.21问题更新）

双色鹿

OG12 14题
14.    Sunspots, vortices ofgas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible asdark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on theSun's poles or equator.
(A)        are visible as darkspots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B)       are visible as darkspots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C)       appear on the surfaceof the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D)       appear as dark spotson the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E)        appear as dark spotson the Sun's surface, which have never been sighted on

正确答案为A

OG解释
C. Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb.

解释中说although后面必须要有主谓，但是我不太明白A选项中but后面省略了主语，那么C选项能不能被视为省略了主谓呢？之前看到一种解释说，although省略要满足两个条件：1. 逻辑主语是主句主语；2. 从句谓语动词必须是be。那么这道题不是刚好符合，可以省略么？

我知道这道题从逻辑上来说although和but意思不一样，不可以用although替换成but，我只是想问问but和although的主谓省略问题
谢谢各位牛牛！！
解答：although省略确实要符合那两个条件，但是此处although需要接 have been所以不符合省略条件

---------------------------------华丽分割线--------------------------------------------------
关于but/and的省略？
解答：but/and主语与主句主语一致时可省略主语，不管and/but前面有没有逗号；连接两个主谓不同的完整句子时一定要用逗号
关于although和逗号：although没有逗号的用法是：主句although从句。如果从句放在前，主从句之间要加逗号：Although从句，主句）

although及其它状语从句的省略？
解答：首先although引导的从句如果要省略主谓，要遵守状语从句的省略条件：
（1）从句主语与主句主语一样
（2）从句的谓语动词为be（am, is, are, were）
符合以上两点，状语从句引导内容可以是：
引导词+ving（现在分词）/+ved（过去分词）/adj.
因为状语从句伴随主句，所以如果表达主动性，则用ving；表达被动性，用ved；表达一种状态，用adj.

通过although引导的状语从句在句中的位置考虑是否省略主谓（语法结构满足省略条件，逻辑上不一定可以省略）
一般认为，although省略的情况出现在句首，或者主句be动词前。
也就是说，有一个主句是【主谓宾】的话，although省略：
要么置于【主谓宾】主句之前；要么置于【主、谓之间】，用插入语的形式
这样做是因为，只有在这两种情况下，我们才能很清晰地看出although的省略，省略的是【主句主语】。
但如果在一个【主谓宾】句子之后，再跟一个although从句的话，可能出现修饰歧义，一般情况下，这个although结构是不省略的

-------------------------------分割线----------------------------------------------------------
现在的问题
1、althoug、though和even though的区别？
2、来自认真的bank~
OG 90
Although early soap operas were first aired on evening
radio in the 1920s, they had moved to the daytime
hours of the 1930s when the evening schedule
became crowded with comedians and variety shows.（B）
(A) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920s,
they had moved to the daytime hours of the
1930s
(B) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920s,
they were moved to the daytime hours in the
1930s
(C) were aired first on evening radio in the 1920s,
moving to the daytime hours in the 1930s
(D) were aired first in the evening on 1920s radio,
they moved to the daytime hours of the 1930s
(E) aired on evening radio first in the 1920s, they
were moved to the 1930s in the daytime hours
OG 的解释是：
The two clauses about soap operas should be
parallel.
同样的有OG19题
The Iroquois were primarily planters, but
supplementing their cultivation of maize, squash,
and beans with fishing and hunting.（D）
(A) but supplementing
(B) and had supplemented
(C) and even though they supplemented
(D) although they supplemented
(E) but with supplementing
OG 的解释是：
the simple past
supplemented parallels the simple past were.
不明白是although让它parallel呢，还是逻辑关系parallel呢？

恒河猴

感谢分享！               

Effyue

up

Jinny1840

真的是好贴！

sunny20111126

今天也复习到这题，把大家说的整理了一下，貌似还不太全

OG12 SC  14  Sunspots, vortices ofgas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible asdark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on theSun's poles or equator.(A)  are visible as darkspots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B)  are visible as darkspots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C)  appear on the surfaceof the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D)  appear as dark spotson the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E)  appear as dark spotson the Sun's surface, which have never been sighted on

1.But & although
but 引导的句子，两个句子间是平等，但是意思相反。
although 引导的句子，只是主句的从句，作补充之用，虽意思相反。
OG12 SC 14 but 正确使用
如果像正确答案那样用but的话，那很明显的表意是  【A在哪个地方被发现，在哪个地方又没有被发现】但是如果换成although的话，那就变成了  【尽管在哪里没被发现，它在哪里被发现了。。】
OG12 SC 19 although 的正确使用
The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementing their cultivation of maize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting.
正确：(D) although they supplemented
OG解释：
Grammatical construction; Verb formThe participle supplementing would normally be expected to modify the first clause, describing or extending its meaning, but the logic of this sentence demands a contrast, not an extension. Consequently, the second part of the sentence must be revised to emphasize the contrast properly. Th e logic of the sentence also argues against a construction that would set the two clauses and the importance of their content equal when they clearly should not be.（这里说BUT引导的句子，与前句，或后句重要性是对等的。）Th e best solution is to have the main clause describe the primary activity, and a subordinate clause, although they supplemented, describe the supplementary activity. （这里说although引导的句子，是做主句的从句。）
PS:所以,如果，要想表达转折对比，那就应该是but这样的词；如果要introduce一个矛盾点，或者想有所侧重的表达一个长句子的部分信息，那就会用到although这样的让步转折。但本质上，二者是不同的~
although的省略
although引导的状语从句应该根据其在句子中的位置来考虑是否进行主谓省略

首先although引导的从句如果要省略主谓，要遵守状语从句的省略条件：
（1）从句主语与主句主语一样
（2）从句的谓语动词为be （am, is, are, were）
符合以上两点，状语从句引导内容可以是：引导词+ving（现在分词）/+ved（过去分词）/adj.因为状语从句伴随主句，所以如果表达主动性，则用ving；表达被动性，用ved；表达一种状态，用adj.
这里的关键点就是在符和省略条件的情况下改写时其实还有一条默认的原则——就是主句与从句中的时态是一致的
OG12 SC 14关于C&D项although省略
never，明显的完成时的标志，所以这里用一般现在时是不可以的（一般现在时描述通常的情况，但这里句子要表达的是从过去开始的一个动作——即这个sunspot过去没有被看到，这个动作现在还没有结束，并有可能继续持续下去，所以应该毫无疑问的使用完成时态）。

第二，通过although引导的状语从句在句中的位置考虑是否省略主谓（语法结构满足省略条件，逻辑上不一定可以省略）
一般认为，although省略的情况出现在句首，或者主句be动词前。
也就是说，有一个主句是【主谓宾】的话,although省略:
a,置于【主谓宾】主句之前；
b,置于【主、谓之间】，用插入语的形式。
因为，只有在这两种情况下，我们才能很清晰地看出although的省略，省略的是【主句主语】。
c,但如果在一个【主谓宾】句子之后，再跟一个although从句的话，可能出现修饰歧义，一般情况下，这个although结构是不省略的
置于【主、谓之间】，用插入语的形式例句：
OG12 Q35正确句子：   Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem to indicate that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.这里growing slowly接在economy后面，修饰它，因此是相当于adj.成分，因此是对的。
入语例句：

OG12 SC 14关于D项having been done
having ....的正确例句：
典型的例子是：OG12 SC 21
Neuroscientists, having amassed ... in the past 20 years, are now drawing conclusions ....
BABY例句：My laptop, having crashed down, is now under system re-installation.

babybearmm

我的理解是，像Ron说的，although后面可以跟adj.或者adj. phrase的成分。


Fresh from the trees, the mango is ....
这句话是对的，句首adj.（也包括相当于adj.的v-ing, v-ed)修饰逗号后面紧接着的主语，这种形式很常见。
那么加上although之后也是对的：
Imagination and Heart by Cooper, James Fenimore
Although deluded, weak, and even indiscreet, Julia was not indelicate.




2. OG12 Q35正确句子：
35.    Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem to indicate that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.
这里growing slowly接在economy后面，修饰它，因此是相当于adj.成分，因此是对的。




对比一下你给的句子：
I study effectively although taking frequent naps.这句话是错的
"taking frequent naps"在句子里是形容词成分么？不是。就算你当作它修饰I，那看看吧，I离得老远呢，而且还隔了个动词study.
所以这句子就不对，因为although后面跟的不是形容词成分。

今天看manhattan第九章的时候看到了举得一个错误的例子
I study effectively although taking frequent naps.这句话是错的
是不是给小鹿总结的那个 although 不放在句尾提供了一个佐证？

-- by 会员 浅浅123 (2012/5/15 18:03:30)

浅浅123

今天看manhattan第九章的时候看到了举得一个错误的例子
I study effectively although taking frequent naps.这句话是错的
是不是给小鹿总结的那个 although 不放在句尾提供了一个佐证？

双色鹿

刚看到这里Ron解释另一道题目
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/industrialization-and-modtern-methods-of-insect-control-have-t460-15.html

My Take-home:
1. "but" is a parallel indicator
2. usage of "although"

"even though" MUST be followed by a clause.
"although", however, can be followed by an adjective or adjective phrase: james, although bigger than many of the other players, is one of the fastest men on the team.
-By Ron

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/5/8 17:14:29)

谢谢baby姐姐！很及时阿~~~小鹿记住啦~~~

babybearmm

刚看到这里Ron解释另一道题目
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/industrialization-and-modtern-methods-of-insect-control-have-t460-15.html

My Take-home:
1. "but" is a parallel indicator
2. usage of "although"

"even though" MUST be followed by a clause.
"although", however, can be followed by an adjective or adjective phrase: james, although bigger than many of the other players, is one of the fastest men on the team.
-By Ron

liulu007

mark小鹿的贴纸！