求问OG18SC198的从句套从句问题

gongxiaorong

Studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this that an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days.
A.Studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this
B.In studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this
C.Scientists recovered DNA evidence from studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, being able to deduce from this
D.Skeletons unearthed near Rome allowed scientists to recover DNA evidence, and they were able to deduce from it
E.Scientists studying skeletons unearthed near Rome recovered DNA evidence from which they were able to deduce
OA:E
deduce THAT an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days，
1.这里的that是从句套从句吗？
2.引导的是同位语从句？？
3.未划线的that还原是不是指evidence？

以下是我的解释这里studying的主语必须是scientists排除AB。
being able to 表示动作发生在主句之前，时态错，排除C。
D选项allow的主语必须是人，错。

电熨斗

我甚至觉得D可以改成这样，虽然还是繁杂的错误，但是比原来的句子稍微好一点儿

Skeletons unearthed near Rome allowed scientists to recover DNA evidence, being able to deduce that
这样being able to就是就是科学家了，但是这个句子还是错的，因为不简洁，提出来是想和大家分享交流

电熨斗

C中的关于comma+doing对于意思上来说是没有错误的，因为科学家发现了DNA，然后有能力怎么样是发生在相同的时间框架之内的，错误的原因是这个comma+doing让人觉得太redundant

电熨斗

我给大家简单解释一下这道题目想要考察的点

AB大家已经都清楚了，考察的是主语和修饰词的动作发出者，另外告诉大家一下，this和these不能单独出现作为代词，只能使用that those去指代东西，所以C也是错的

那么C还有什么错误呢，科学家是从skeleton里面提取DNA，不是从studying中提取，语义很重要，还有就是being able to do是一种伴随，可以理解是和主句在同一个时间框架内，除非原句中有很明确的时间指出这两个动作以前以后发生（比如，有一个车站，1990年开放，2000年的时候年接待客人30万，这样如果使用comma+doing的形式，可以这样写：having been opened in 1990，the station did what 而不能写作Recieving 300 thousand in 2000， the station was opened in 1990这样写不对的原因是车站开放的时候还没到2000年呢，怎么能同时发生呢）

D的错误是逻辑关系不正确，是科学家从skeleton里提取DNA，不是skeleton发出动作让科学家能够提取，并且这里they指代的是skeletons，不是科学家指代错误。

E 这里想把ED结合起来，并去回答楼上小哥哥的问题，为什么E的选项中they指的就是科学家呢

ron神在sc笔记中说过，我们在判断代词的指代情况时，同时考虑三个因素：1 背景是否清晰 2 代词是否和指代的名词关系一致（主语指代主语，宾语指代宾语） 3 是否存在多个可以指代的关系一致的名词

好了，用这个去分析E，they是主语，科学家是前面的主语，skeletons是后面的宾语，所以they和科学家同主语，背景清晰，科学家推测，然后出了科学家之外，they不会去指代其他的存在的主语，所以E正确。D呢，按照上面的规则指代的就是skeletons，背景已知，指代不正确

痞子大哥樾择

Studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this that an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days.
A.Studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this
B.In studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this
C.Scientists recovered DNA evidence from studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, being able to deduce from this
D.Skeletons unearthed near Rome allowed scientists to recover DNA evidence, and they were able to deduce from it
E.Scientists studying skeletons unearthed near Rome recovered DNA evidence from which they were able to deduce


deduce THAT an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days，

1.这里的that是从句套从句吗？是的，from which 引导定语从句，修饰evidence；
2.引导的是同位语从句？？不是，如果改为the fact that，那么毫无疑问that引导同位语从句，表示fact的具体内容。如果没有fact，那么这是宾语从句，that引导的部分表示deduce的内容
3.未划线的that还原是不是指evidence？不太理解“还原”的意思，其实这里的 that＝the fact that，科学家们从DNA evidence中推断出了一个fact，而这个fact 就是an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days.

D选项我觉得最主要的错误在于and的错误使用，and只能连接两个不相关的句子。具体可以去看Ron的视频，很有用。
关于代词，我觉得应该不是优不优先的问题。Ron说：只要能找到指代对象，且单复数没问题，就暂时不要考虑歧义。除非有某一（几）个选项将该代词直接替换成了指代对象。

LLEOE

小奕锭hey 发表于 2017-12-4 17:00
求问，为什么 E 中的 they 优先指代 scientists 呢？

因为从逻辑上来讲能发出deduce这个动作的只能是科学家

小奕锭hey

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-28 12:56
from which在定语从句中是作状语，如果是deduce from evidence that 这里from which就变成了宾语，所以应 ...

求问，为什么 E 中的 they 优先指代 scientists 呢？

gongxiaorong

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-30 12:42
其实og答案对于代词指代歧义的解释本身就有歧义，因为代词指代的是句子中逻辑上合理的名词，并没说优先指代 ...

那道题我选E是因为没发现D把consumers改成了a consumer，这样they就不会指代consumers了。og给E的解释说的是被动不如主动。

gongxiaorong

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-30 12:42
其实og答案对于代词指代歧义的解释本身就有歧义，因为代词指代的是句子中逻辑上合理的名词，并没说优先指代 ...

确实代词指代是最次考率的。在这之前还有句子结构时态冗余等等优先级高的。但是在选项都没有致命错误时，用于优中选优还是必要的。你举例的这道题我也做到了，然后我选了E，哭晕，就是因为many of them的指代问题。

LLEOE

其实og答案对于代词指代歧义的解释本身就有歧义，因为代词指代的是句子中逻辑上合理的名词，并没说优先指代主语，至于是否歧义完全是GMAT出题人自己说的算，所以指代是否歧义并不能直接判断一个句子的对错，比如og18分词的222题  Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.

A.Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be

B.Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being

C. A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being

D.A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as

E.Household cleaning products may not be thought of by consumers, as    答案是D，这里的them和they指代的都是household cleaning products而不是hazardous substances，这里OG答案就不说antecedent of the pronoun they is ambiguous，所以og答案对于指代，赘余等问题特别的双标，很容易误导人，而C选项their的指代才算是真正意义上的指代歧义。