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改错部分
¨ 改错的出题方向
¨ 熟悉和种错误类型
一. 名词7-3
(一)名词作定语的单复数问题
1. 名词作定语,即名词修饰名词
要求是名词1修饰名词2时,名词1必须是单数, 名词2没有要求
Employments agencies >> employment, trees trunks >> tree, sentences form >> sentence…
例外：
a greetings card,
a savings bank,
a communications satellite,
a sports car, a sales girl,
a sales tax,
a systems engineering
2. Man 或 woman作定语时，其单复数应随所修饰的名词变
a woman boxer => women boxers, a woman nurse => women nurses
3. 表示某一学科的教授，学生或教科书等与教学相关的名词，应用学科名本身去修饰名词
The highest scientific award >> science award,
a biological textbook>>biology book,
a mathematical professor >> a mathematics professor,
a physical student >> a physics student
(二)名词的单复数与限定词的关系 7-4
1. Many + 复可
Much + 不可
读题时往后搜索可数和不可数的名词
As many as 50 percent of the income……>> much
As much as 2,000 kilometers……对
2,000 kilometer (is) a long distance
By many / many are …… 对, many可以为代词
2. some 与 any
some与any二煮都可加单/复数,二者可加可数和不可数
some kind (某一种) some kinds (一些种)
some money, some time,
some of, any of, any of the books 都可作代词
3. Few 否定 Little
A few 肯定 a little
可数 不可数
A few / few + 复数名词 (即ns)：Few equipment, too few extent
A few / few 也可作代词：A few of the boys
4. every 与 each
every 强调的是整体, each 强调的是个体, 后面跟单数可数名词
each main styles >>> style, each ten boys, every four years
5. 数词
Several, five / three, twelve years, five aircraft (aircraft单复数同形), several settings
Several后一定是复数,管它认识不认识都加s
6. one of + 复可：one of the philosophers 8-1
among + 复可：among the schools
看到one of, 就往得找复数名词
7. First
Only 三者既可单数又可加复数
Single
The first school 第一所学校; The first schools 第一批学校
the only friend / friends
a single + 单数名词
no single + 单数名词
Two single rooms 两个单人间
8. 数量词 人hundren, thousand, million)
区分数词和量词：数词, 表示一二三四五…； 量词,表示单位
数词 + 量词 + 复数名词 (有数词时,量词一定是单数)
量词s + of + 复数名词
Five thousands 错 >> five thousand, 因为five是数词,后面应是单数
如果没有数词, thousands + of
Hundred millions books
Hundreds millions books 全错 >> 应该是hundred million books,
Hundreds million books 数词 量词
9. Another + 单数可数名词
Another可以间接加复数名词, another two boys – each ten boys
Other + 复数 (other part除外)
Any other + 单可 <<考试中 any other + 复数(少数)
10. a number of 复数名词 + 复数谓语
the number of复数名词 + 单数谓语 (number是主语)
(三)重要的名词 8-2
1. 常考的不可数名词
equipment, information, wealth, evidence, news, furniture, poetry, machinery, research, advice, weather, weather, pressure, extent, fliafe, furniture, merchandise, photography, advertising (luggage, clothing, jewelry, weaponry, scenery, knowledge, homework, health)
advertisement (可数)
A. 流体 air, smoke, coffee, oil
B. 自然现象 weather, light, darkness, thunder, sunlight
C. 微粒 salt, rice, powder, sugar
D. 抽象名词 intelligence(情报), evidence, wisdom, advice
E. 学科 economics, statistics, politics, mathematics
统计学学科(不可数); 统计数据(复数)
F. 医学疾病 measles麻疹, mumps腮腺炎, diabetes糖尿病
G. 总称名词 poetry, machinery, weaponry, scenery
2. 常考的可数名词
discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance, population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal, insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature, picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device, structure, human , human being, system, fashion, resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type, kind, emotion, influence
population : 人数(不可数) ; 人群(可数)
effort : make great efforts to do
human, human being : 不加s泛指人类;加s指许多人
automobile : the manufacture of {(a, the) automobile} / automobiles
a amount of + 不可数名词
a variety of + 可数 / 不可数名词
3. 常见的不规则单复数 8-3
Man/men, woman/women, tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese, basis/bases, analysis/analyses, crisis/crises, axis/axes, hypothesis/hypotheses, alga/algae, lava/lavar, fungus/fungi, stimulus/stimuli, radius/radii, datum/data, medium/media, bacterium/bacteria, spectrum/spectra, mouse/mice, child/children, phonemenon/phenomena
*tooth, foot 一定错
4. 常见的单复数形的名词
Sheep, aircraft, spacecraft, series, species, means, deer, salmon, trout, carp
-craft后缀的词,单复数同形
A series of 一系列
A means (mean没有s是动词或形容词)
鱼类在考试中通常复数 starfish are….. fish/fish, fishes 对
5. 单形与复形意义有差异的名词
Air-airs (气派) , sky-skies(气候), water-waters(水域，永远不错), good(好处,利益)-goods(货物), part(部份)-parts(才能), mean(中庸)-means (手段,财富), custom –customs (习俗,习惯), letter(字母)-letters(文学), spectacle(风景)-spectacles(眼睛), arm-arms(武器), force(加量)-forces (武装部队)
6. 既有可数又有不可数的名词
不可数 可数
paper 纸 文件
rock 碎岩 块岩
collection 各种收藏品 同一种收藏品
sugar 砂糖 方糖
area 面积 地区
land 面积 区域
work 作品；工作 著作；工厂，工程，工事
room 空间 房间
time 时间 倍数，时代
* art, newspaper, food, beverage
art 泛指艺术 in art 不可数; be describes as an art 一种艺术; arts 各种各样的艺术
life 生命; their lives; the meaning of life
规律
a) 当不可数名词与”种类”相关时可转化为可数名词
newspaper : 十八张报纸eighteen pieces of newspapers ; 十八种报纸eighteen newspapers
当名词与”种类”相关时,是可数名词
Food 食物 : 各种各样食物foods
如何把招一个词是可数还是不可数
1) 有无数的概念 : 能不能说出来the meaning of life , in art
2) 是抽象还是具体 : life 具体指生命是可数的,抽象就不可数 ;
study泛指研究就不可数,具体就可数 | 
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发表于 2006-4-25 01:01:00
