请教几个阅读题 00 05

kimbol

2000 05

The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were

      Marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous

      Lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style

Line   was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures,

(5)  and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often

    deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to

    imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art

    Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically

    Termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect

(10) pon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.

           France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among

      The most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort

      Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of

      Glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized

(15) today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese,

    and Persian motifs.

  The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915,

Although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s. It was eventually to be

Overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since

(20)  the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and

designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First

World War. The basic tenet of the movement-that function should determine from-was

not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: from should be simple, surfaces

plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design

(25)  concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the

preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of

glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline

and complex textural surfaces.

21. The word “one” in line 4 refers to

   (A) century

   (B) development

   (C) style

   (D) coloration

我选 development, 答案是style, 没看出来., 请高人指点.

2000 8 月

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the American

colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter.

       In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present]

(Line)  urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed

(5)   to mature urbanism’s in little more than a century.

    In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic

Coastline, mostly in what are now New America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic

United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural

because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which

  (10 ) most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported

Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities

   from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the

   favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New

   York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities

  (15)  increased in importance.

                This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known

as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along

the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the

plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations

(20)      maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each

had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In face, one of the strongest

factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water

highway.

                     When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single

(25)      city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people,

and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after

the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing

young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil

War (1861-1865).

10. The word “they” in line 4 refers to

   (A) North American colonies

   (B) cities

   (C) centuries

   (D) town economies

答案B, 我选A,  North American colonies. 请指点.

Question 40-45

        Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial

potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest

technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels.

Line     The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care:

(5)   often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial:

it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By

careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as

possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired.

It loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that

(10)   Helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.

Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability

       In day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often

      A wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored

       Slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times. glazes

(15) came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during

       high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly

     until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a

     round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with

       incised or stamped decorations.

(20)   Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with

Fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them

Evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known

As kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve

Carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were

Needed, Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired

Before they were ready for use.

42. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the texture of

the clay?

(A) Adding temper

   (B) Removing the water

   (C) Beating on the clay
   (D) Mixing the clay with plastic

答案C, 我选A, adding temper, 怎么也不认为C 对. 没有提到啊.

45. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glossy finish?

(A) Smoothing them with wet hands

(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions

(C) Baking them at a very high temperature

(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object

答案D, 我选C, 怎么也没看到用hard object rubbing.

谢谢高人

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kimbol