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刚刚刷完OG第一遍的语法，虐了不止一点点，有一些问题，想请教大家，谢谢大家！ 1.新东方的语法老师以前说的，as作关系代词，引导定语从句，例句： He is a good boy, as we all know. 老师说这里as 指代了前面He is agood boy 这一整个句子，我有疑问是，为什么这个是定语从句？还有就是，是不是只有as能够指代整个句子，GMAT里面其他的所有代词（this，which之类）都是不允许指代整个句子的是吧？ 2.新东方老师讲的说，在把定语从句简化成后置定语短语的时候，分词形式只与主动还是被动有关，与时态没有任何关系，只能是V-ing或者done，所以 the woman who had picked anapple应该简化成the womanpicking the apple,而不能是the woman having picked the apple，并且说后置定语里面绝对不能是having done的形式，能是having done的 形式的觉得是句子简化后做状语而非定语的。可是，我赶脚我确实在OG的某道某个SC题里面看到了用having done做状语额？并且，我想问一下，the man who finish thework first will get the prize按照上面的说法简化之后就应该是不管时态直观主动被动，应该是 the man finishing the work，但是我怎么赶脚 the man to finish the work 更合理呢？什么时候用V-ing，什么时候用to do做后置定语呢？还有那个having done的问题到底怎么回事儿？ 3.还有一个是关于OG上面两道题目的就近修饰的问题： 47. In 1713, Alexander Pope began histranslation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion,and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced thegreatest translation in any language. (A) his translation of the Iliad, a workthat, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic SamuelJohnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced (B) his translation of the Iliad, a workthat took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope’s contemporary, pronounced (C) his translation of the Iliad, a workthat had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as (D) translating the Iliad, a work that tookseven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,pronounced it as (E) translating the Iliad, a work that hadtaken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’scontemporary, pronounced it 这道题里面B选项的a work 修饰的是translation，而不是就近修饰IIiad，但是请看下面一道题： 48. Itis called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake onEarth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rivalin size, North America’s Lake Superior. (A) Itis called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake onEarth, which covers (B) Althoughit is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake onEarth, which covers (C)Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake onEarth, covering (D)Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, thelandlocked Caspian covers (E)Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually thelandlocked Caspian, covering 这道题，答案说A选项里面这个which是就近修饰了Earth，而非修饰中心词lake，可是上一题就没有就进修饰？什么时候是就近修饰，什么时候就不是? 还有这道题的C选项的covering是做了伴随状语，指的是Caspian covers，，但是为什么这里就不能被引起歧义地理解为，covering是在修饰earth或者在修饰largest lake？？ 4.然后是OG的65： 65.Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered byscientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than theyhad previously thought. (A)evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-formsemerged much earlier than they had (B)evidence gathered by scientists suggests a much earlier emergence of complexlife-forms than had been (C)scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emergedmuch earlier than (D)scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence ofcomplex life-forms than that which was (E)scientists have gathered evidence which suggests a much earlier 这道题，答案说C是正确选项，但是我会觉得C有问题，不知道为什么这里可以than后面直接跟thought,而不要加that之类的词？还有就是E选项，为什么E这个句子在后面的比较部分有语法错误（我已经知道emergence不简洁）？ 5.然后是OG 68 68.Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate back to health,the chief executive’s plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12billion in assets over the next 18 months. (A)executive’s plans wereannounced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18months (B)executive’s plans,which are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18months, were announced on Wednesday (C)executive’s plans forcutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets overthe next 18 months were announced on Wednesday (D)executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12billion in assets over the next 18 months (E)executive announced plans Wednesday that are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12billion in assets over the next 18 months 这道题，为什么D选项Wednesday之前可以没有on还是正确的？ 6.然后是 89. Saltdeposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation inPakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time asthe civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris andEuphrates. (A) thatflourished at the same time as the civilizations (B) thathad flourished at the same time as had the civilizations (C) thatflourished at the same time those had (D)flourishing at the same time as those did (E)flourishing at the same time as those were 我知道这里由于原文没有出现过civilizations，所以those是不能用的，也就只剩AB了，然后我选了B，虽然我赶脚确实也没有什么inference显示要用过去完成时，后来答案是A，我想问一下，这里是不是不能用倒装的，所以就算是用过去完成时也是把had放在the civilizations in the NileDelta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates之后而非之前？然后，这里正确答案用了一般过去时，完整的句子应该是thatflourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and theriver valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates did，然后省略了这个did？是不是这样的？为什么能省略这个did？ 7.然后想问一下，我以前的认知是try to do是成功做某事，try doing是尝试做某事，那么，在GMAT考试中，try to do 和try doing是否都可以用，有何区别？ 8.然后，是og的90 90. Theresults of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the lasttwo years. (A)which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell (B)which had increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after ithad fallen (C)which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year afterfalling (D) witha 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling (E) witha 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen 我想问一下，OG的答案上说这里需要第一个indicator的verb tense要比第二个indicator的tense要晚，可是这个C选项为什么做到了这一点呢？ 9.我想问一下：我知道可以说prices are expected torise或 prices areexpected to be higher，但是可以说prices are expected to rise higher吗？就是这道题的B选项： 94.Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last becauserefiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were lastyear. (A)Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last becauserefiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were (B)Heating-oil prices are expected to rise higher this year over last becauserefiners pay about $5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did (C)Expectations are for heating-oil prices to be higher this year than last year’s because refiners are paying about$5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did (D) Itis the expectation that heating-oil prices will be higher for this year overlast because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil now thanwhat they were (E) Itis expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s because refiners pay about $5 abarrel for crude oil more than they did 10.在GMAT里面，which是否不能用来指代任何的句子？ 11.我看到有一个人的语法笔记上写了是说，一般“介词+which=where”代替先行词，但是where不能够指代metaphor places，是不是就是说where可以指代school这样的地点，但要是situation，phenomenon这样的词的话，在GMAT中就只能用介词+which指代，不能用where？ 12.我发现我以前认为的某些类似于consider A as/to be B 这样的既可以用as又可以用to be词组在GMAT里面好像经常只承认as 或者to be的其中一个的用法，好像不能用两个？怎么回事？什么时候用as，什么时候用to be啊？ 13.又是一道OG题引起的思考： 111. Amutual fund having billions of dollars in assets will typically invest thatmoney in hundreds of companies, rarely holding more than one percent of theshares of any particular corporation. (A)companies, rarely holding more than one percent (B)companies, and it is rare to hold at least one percent or more (C)companies and rarely do they hold more than one percent (D)companies, so that they rarely hold more than one percent (E)companies; rarely do they hold one percent or more 这里的A里面的holding，到底什么时候这种V-ing是做主句的状语，什么时候又就近修饰companies呢？ 14.还是一道题： 112.Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the FlavianAmphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, was completed adecade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with aone-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, andspectacles. (A)which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69,during the reign of Vespasian, (B)officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, begun in A.D. 69, during thereign of Vespasian, and (C)which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69,during the reign of Vespasian, and (D)officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater and begun in A.D. 69, during thereign of Vespasian it (E)officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, which was begun in A.D. 69,during the reign of Vespasian, and 我想问一下，A选项里面的这个which指代的到底是construction of the RomanColosseum还是the RomanColosseum，我该怎么区分？ 15.OG的120题： 120. TheWorld Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon mostscientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will createhavoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful totheir habitats. (A) aphenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossilfuels, (B) aphenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by humanbeings, (C) aphenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings’ burning of fossil fuels, (D)which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burnfossil fuels, (E)which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned byhuman beings, 我想问A选项为什么错？还有，C选项里面most scientist agree 在这里是做什么成分的？还有E选项语法上有什么错误？ 16.OG127 127.Joan of Arc, a young Frenchwoman who claimed to be divinely inspired, turnedthe tide of English victories in her country by liberating the city of Orléans and she persuaded Charles VIIof France to claim his throne. (A) shepersuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne (B)persuaded Charles VII of France in claiming his throne (C)persuading that the throne be claimed by Charles VII of France (D)persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne (E)persuading that Charles VII of France should claim the throne 我会做这道题，但是我想问一下A选项里面如果把这里的to改为into是否对的呢？现在我知道persuade sb to do 以及persuade不接that从句，但是persuadesb. into doing 以及persuade sbout of doing在GMAT里面是不是对的呢？ 17.OG126 126. Theuse of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotionalreactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses. (A)that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses (B) thatcreates unconscious physiological responses in turn (C)creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses (D) tocreate, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious (E) whocreates unconscious physiological responses in turn 我想问一下，A选项里面的that指代emotional reactions而非individual的原因是不是因为后者做了介词的宾语？还有C选项，为什么答案说这个creating seems to referto lying，我觉得从语法上不可能是lying，而是individual啊？还有D选项，为什么答案说不知道which noun to create shouldattach to？因为我觉得这个tocreate在这里就是指lying啊，它能指reactions吗？还有E选项，我知道这个who逻辑上是错的，但是这个who在语法上能不能代指已经成为介词宾语的individual呢？ 18.OG133题 133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for theresurgence of the rare Kemp’s ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiringthat turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles. (A)requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect (B) requiringturtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting (C) thatrequire turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect (D) torequire turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting (E) torequire turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting 我会做这道题，但是我想问一下B选项里面这个是require的哪种用法？在gmat中，承认require的那些搭配：require sb to do？ require +that+ do？还有呢？ 19.OG137（终于要问完了~~~） 137.Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of composer whoreceives popular acclaim while living, often goes into decline after death, andnever regains popularity again. (A)often goes into decline after death, and never regains popularity again (B)whose reputation declines after death and never regains its status again (C) butwhose reputation declines after death and never regains its former status (D) whodeclines in reputation after death and who never regained popularity again (E) thenhas declined in reputation after death and never regained popularity 我想问一下，B选项，答案说the twoclauses do not describe the same thing是什么意思？还有E选项，答案说因为tenses不一致破坏平行所以不选，但是我做这个题觉得这个选项不好是因为我觉得逻辑上后面的句子也应该用一般现在时。。。平行结构里面不是不要求时态吗，时态难道不是只能context有关，而不与平行与否有关吗？答案咋回事？ | 
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发表于 2014-4-1 17:58:24
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