LSAT-3-4-24

n9a5x7 · 发表于 2004-7-28 11:34:00

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.

24. If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true, each of the following could be true EXCEPT:

(A) People who lack a genetic susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia.

(B) Medications can control most of the symptoms of schizophrenia in most patients but will never be able to cure it.

(C) The brains of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder.

(D) It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone.

(E) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit the development of brain cells.

Why D is the right answer? WHAT did you derive A,B,C,E that could be thue from?

this question gives me no clue to answer it.

robertchu · 发表于 2004-7-28 13:31:00

To answer this kind of "could be true EXCEPT:" question, you have to look at each choice individually, test whether it directly contradicts with the passage stem. If there is no contradiction, the the choice could be true. If there is contradiction, then the choice could not be true, this is the right answer to the question.

D, "It will ... be possible to determine whether ... someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone." directly contradicts the passage, because the passages says "The brains of identical twins are genetically identical," while "one of a pair of identical twins" could be a schizophrenic.

Bensontuo · 发表于 2019-8-1 19:31:02

n9a5x7 发表于 2004-7-28 11:34
The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins ...

Spot the question type: " Negate the necessary assumption "

If the " argument is true ", the it must be true that one of the following must not be " could be true "

What is " must not be could be true " ?

If something is " could be true ", then it must be true that " it also could be false " , So, the opposite logical stand of " could be true " is - either Must be true or Must be false, but not both.

So, what we are really looking for is either the necessary assumption or the negate version of the necessary assumption.

let's see the core of the argument:

As comparing the identical genetic infos of a pairs of twins, the determination and the discoveries of schizophrenia relies on the variation of the size of certain parts of the brain caused by the damages.

Meanwhile, there is a conditional logic presented:

If neither one of the twins is S, then it must be true that there is NO such differences.

=> It must be true that there is such differences ---> If one of the twins is S, both not both.

As a result, we can predict that one of the necessary assumptions could be -> " It must be true that it is necessary to have a comparative figures from 2 identical genetical infos to show the varies, if we want to discover the S.

let us dive into the answers.

A. Could be true, since it does not really relevant to the argument.

B. Could be true, we don't really know if this must be true or wrong based on the original argument.

C. Also the same as the previous 2 options.

D. Bingo. If you negate it. " It won't be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop S on the basis of genetic info alone. Ok, let us think in 2 totally different ways.

1. if the comparisons of the size of certain parts of the brain must be part of the genetic info, then D is necessary assumption of the argument - It must be true. Or the otherwise, it will refute the original argument that just the genetic info would not be sufficient enough to guarantee determining S happens.

2. If the comparisons of the sizes of parts of the brain must not be part of the genetic info, then D is the negate version of the necessary assumption of the argument - It must be false. Since, we really need to see that " comparisons " to determine whether S could be developed.

E. Totally non relevant to our argument, could be true, could be false.

LSAT-3-4-24

LSAT-3-4-24

LSAT-3-4-24

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