老问题求解~XDF蓝宝书SECTION5 Q12

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-4 15:36:54

Q12:
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.

a. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

b. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

c. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

d. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

e. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

*****************************************************************************
答案是C, 我选E

看到CD中有诸多讨论词题的热帖,但大多数人轻描淡写地说E没必要用过去完成时,我就疑惑了..
根据题意,很明显"eighteenth century"开始"well established"的这件事发生在"25 years ago miners did not realize..."这件事之前啊..
既然后者用的一般过去时,为何之前发生的事不用过去完成时呢...

也有同人说E中well established修饰的本题有歧异,选E就就近修饰extraction了,所以不对,但是我也看到过真题中有后置分词跳跃修饰就近核心词的情况,所谓核心词也就是这里of前面的method. 更何况在时态判断明显生效的情况下,这个颇有争议的修饰错误应该不能作为选择依据吧.

我4/21就考了..求高人解答~
顿首

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-4 15:59:48

自己顶,望大家帮忙~

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-4 19:20:06

再顶..望大牛们不吝赐教~

fnm07052 · 发表于 2010-4-4 19:39:34

我的想法是原题中有明显的时间状语eighteenth century，故应该用过去时态，
第二，e选项well established前面缺少了谓语动词be这个句子就不完整了

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-4 19:48:55

谢谢FNM,终于有人回帖了,好感动啊!!!

我认为", well established..."是作为分词后置修饰"a method of..."的,前一个分句的主干在之前已经完整了,谓语就是我们在讨论该用什么时态的那个had been,所以至少应该不存在句子不完整的问题~

至于有明显时间状语,我认为并不能作为要用一般过去时的充分条件吧~因为eighteenth century明显在25 years ago之前,"过去的过去"理应用过去完成时啊~

当然也有可能我对过去完成时的理解有误,求赐教~

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-4 23:44:27

不信没人解答..再顶~

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-5 11:27:38

angala65 · 发表于 2010-4-5 11:54:14

我想并不是在过去之前发生就一定用过去完成时，若“过去的过去”对“过去”造成了影响应该用过去完成时，但这里并不是影响因素关系，只是在陈述；还有extraction是抽象名词，extracting应优先考虑，还有若well established是修饰的话这个逗号多余啦~~如果用逗号，是不是应该改为which定从呢~

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-5 12:56:11

Q12:
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.

a. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

b. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

c. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

d. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

e. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

*****************************************************************************
答案是C, 我选E

看到CD中有诸多讨论词题的热帖,但大多数人轻描淡写地说E没必要用过去完成时,我就疑惑了..
根据题意,很明显"eighteenth century"开始"well established"的这件事发生在"25 years ago miners did not realize..."这件事之前啊..
既然后者用的一般过去时,为何之前发生的事不用过去完成时呢...

也有同人说E中well established修饰的本题有歧异,选E就就近修饰extraction了,所以不对,但是我也看到过真题中有后置分词跳跃修饰就近核心词的情况,所谓核心词也就是这里of前面的method. 更何况在时态判断明显生效的情况下,这个颇有争议的修饰错误应该不能作为选择依据吧.

我4/21就考了..求高人解答~
顿首

-- by 会员 haomancarl (2010/4/4 15:36:54)

对不起...我犯了巨大的错误,居然把正确的C选项打错了...第一次发帖没检查一遍,果然还是缺乏经验...在此重发一次~

Q12:
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.

a. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

b. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

c. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

d. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

e. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

*****************************************************************************
答案是C, 我选E

haomancarl · 发表于 2010-4-5 13:37:06

谢谢angala65!
让我们看下题目的意思,
我认为原题意思是讲: leaching这种技术在18世纪就已经产生了,但直到25年前矿工才发现细菌在这个沥滤的过程中发挥了积极的作用~
我觉得18世纪这种技术的产生,对25年前发现这个过程中细菌的作用绝对是有影响的~
有一点需要指出,根据XDF笔记,实义名词>动词>抽象名词>分词,因此extraction是优选,当然,这个只是effectiveness fault,不能直接作为选择依据,在此仅作插叙~
至于逗号的问题,显然逗号后接-ing或-ed的分词形式作修饰是GMAT中屡见不鲜的正确答案类型~逗号+which的非限制性定语从句倒是经常会因为只能就近修饰而引起歧义,所以被作为误导项的~
我们来看下面的例子:
Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway are still standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden builings can last indefinetely.

本题正确选项就是A, 由此可见",+分词"的结构是GMAT偏好的句型.

~再看个例子

23.For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly there-quarters only a decade ago.

A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
B. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
C. and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
D. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
E. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters

D是正确项,在此,", which"是作为误导项的,因为前一句名词太多,就近的不是定从所修饰对象,会导致歧义~同样这里的正确项也是", +分词"结构

虽然我暂时还没找到",+过去分词"的例题,但我印象中一定是有的,而且现在分词和过去分词的区分主要是看意思,在语法结构上同为分词的作用和用法应该是相近的吧~

老问题求解~XDF蓝宝书SECTION5 Q12

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