求问OG18SC198的从句套从句问题

gongxiaorong · 发表于 2017-10-27 04:17:23

Studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this that an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days.
A.Studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this
B.In studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, DNA evidence was recovered by scientists, who were able to deduce from this
C.Scientists recovered DNA evidence from studying skeletons unearthed near Rome, being able to deduce from this
D.Skeletons unearthed near Rome allowed scientists to recover DNA evidence, and they were able to deduce from it
E.Scientists studying skeletons unearthed near Rome recovered DNA evidence from which they were able to deduce
OA:E
deduce THAT an epidemic of malaria struck in the empire’s waning days，
1.这里的that是从句套从句吗？
2.引导的是同位语从句？？
3.未划线的that还原是不是指evidence？

以下是我的解释这里studying的主语必须是scientists排除AB。
being able to 表示动作发生在主句之前，时态错，排除C。
D选项allow的主语必须是人，错。

LLEOE · 发表于 2017-10-27 11:26:58

that后边是from which定语从句中的宾语从句；C选项being able to是伴随状语，表示的是一种同时性或者因果性，having done表示的是动作发生在主句之前，C中的主要问题是this的指代，this不能单独指代前文的名词；D选项allow的主语不一定必须是人，可以是物，而D中的主要问题是it后边的同位语从句，这里it指代DNA evidence，但是DNAd的证据和从句中传染病袭击国家完全是两回事，所以不能用同位语从句。

gongxiaorong · 发表于 2017-10-28 03:36:03

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-27 11:26
that后边是from which定语从句中的宾语从句；C选项being able to是伴随状语，表示的是一种同时性或者因果性 ...

看了你的解释，我有点明白了。
不过我觉得你的解释也不完全对，句子应该是deduce from evidence that an epidemic of...
意思是从DNA证据中推测出在帝国衰落期流行病疟疾流行。
D选项的错误也不是it也不是allow，而是they优先指代得是skeletons，而逻辑上应该指代scientists。

LLEOE · 发表于 2017-10-28 12:56:48

gongxiaorong 发表于 2017-10-28 03:36
看了你的解释，我有点明白了。
不过我觉得你的解释也不完全对，句子应该是deduce from evidence that an ...

from which在定语从句中是作状语，如果是deduce from evidence that 这里from which就变成了宾语，所以应该是deduce that from evidence. 另外,代词通常是指代前文中逻辑上合理的名词，若某个代词可以指代句子中一个以上的名词，那么句子就会出现歧义。比如When tourists first arrived in this new resort, the locals thought they were very lucky people。这里的they既可以指代tourists也可以指代locals，因此会产生歧义。但是并不是有代词的句子只能有一个跟代词单复数一样的名词，比如说People like eating apples, and they are delicious. 这里的they肯定指代apples, 因为只有apple才能delicious，因此不会产生歧义。这道题也是这个道理，这里skeletons不会发出they were able to deduce这个动作，因此这里的they是优先指代scientists.

gongxiaorong · 发表于 2017-10-30 04:00:26

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-28 12:56
from which在定语从句中是作状语，如果是deduce from evidence that 这里from which就变成了宾语，所以应 ...

1.og18分册给的D选项的解释是:the construction skeletons...allowed scientists gives the action of the sentence to the skeletons rather than the scientists;
antecedent of the pronoun they is ambiguous，possibly referring either to scientists or to skeletons.

2.这道题D选项没有致命错误。只不过allow和recover比不优；they没有优先指代主语，而E选项they是优先指代主语的。E选项这两项都比D选项更优。

3.ABC的this指的是evidence，所以D选项的from it 也指的是evidence。无论是ABC还是D，og里的解释都没有提到这里有错误。

4.从你的解释中我明白了，deduce from that这里可以看做是双宾语，也就是定语从句套宾语从句，from evidence理解成状语或者是双宾语都可以。

LLEOE · 发表于 2017-10-30 12:42:50

其实og答案对于代词指代歧义的解释本身就有歧义，因为代词指代的是句子中逻辑上合理的名词，并没说优先指代主语，至于是否歧义完全是GMAT出题人自己说的算，所以指代是否歧义并不能直接判断一个句子的对错，比如og18分词的222题 Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.

A.Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be

B.Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being

C. A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being

D.A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as

E.Household cleaning products may not be thought of by consumers, as 答案是D，这里的them和they指代的都是household cleaning products而不是hazardous substances，这里OG答案就不说antecedent of the pronoun they is ambiguous，所以og答案对于指代，赘余等问题特别的双标，很容易误导人，而C选项their的指代才算是真正意义上的指代歧义。

gongxiaorong · 发表于 2017-10-31 05:12:38

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-30 12:42
其实og答案对于代词指代歧义的解释本身就有歧义，因为代词指代的是句子中逻辑上合理的名词，并没说优先指代 ...

确实代词指代是最次考率的。在这之前还有句子结构时态冗余等等优先级高的。但是在选项都没有致命错误时，用于优中选优还是必要的。你举例的这道题我也做到了，然后我选了E，哭晕，就是因为many of them的指代问题。

gongxiaorong · 发表于 2017-11-1 04:09:12

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-30 12:42
其实og答案对于代词指代歧义的解释本身就有歧义，因为代词指代的是句子中逻辑上合理的名词，并没说优先指代 ...

那道题我选E是因为没发现D把consumers改成了a consumer，这样they就不会指代consumers了。og给E的解释说的是被动不如主动。

小奕锭hey · 发表于 2017-12-4 17:00:28

LLEOE 发表于 2017-10-28 12:56
from which在定语从句中是作状语，如果是deduce from evidence that 这里from which就变成了宾语，所以应 ...

求问，为什么 E 中的 they 优先指代 scientists 呢？

LLEOE · 发表于 2017-12-6 12:20:20

小奕锭hey 发表于 2017-12-4 17:00
求问，为什么 E 中的 they 优先指代 scientists 呢？

因为从逻辑上来讲能发出deduce这个动作的只能是科学家

[SC悬赏令] 求问OG18SC198的从句套从句问题

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