再问!GWD 3-4 原来的讨论没有解决问题（that定从修饰与分词修饰之别）

GWD-3-Q4:

GWD-4-Q18:

Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all

which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely

living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

key: B

原来的讨论http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=63712没有给出合理的解释

B固然最好，没有问题。但与A比较，似乎只能从简洁性考虑。

问题：A有何不妥？

我对A的理解：1：后面的wasps做Yellow jackets 的同位语。

                          2： where 不是绝对错误，逻辑和语法上说得过去

                           3：they 指代第二局句的wasps，指代没有问题。

                          4：如果说society consists almost entirely of  females（B）逻辑上成立，那么they （Yellow jackets/ wasps）consist almost entirely of females（A）逻辑上也成立。所以逻辑上they 没有问题。

结论：A  B 之争在于划线处定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别。

         A：wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

       B：wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

问题：谁来讲讲这两者的区别（定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别）？？语法点链接上也没有，谁来帮帮忙！

在解释一下：

A中的where，指代society的话后面的逻辑主语应该是it not they, if they is the subjective, 那它指代的就是前面的wasps, obviously, consist almost entirely of female不合逻辑。所以我觉得A要么在逻辑上不对，要么在语法上不对，总之，A错

B,简洁、指代清楚、逻辑没有问题，我选B

兄弟可以保留意见^_^

GWD-3-Q4:

GWD-4-Q18:

Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

key: B

原来的讨论http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=63712没有给出合理的解释

B固然最好，没有问题。但与A比较，似乎只能从简洁性考虑。

问题：A有何不妥？

我对A的理解：1：后面的wasps做Yellow jackets 的同位语。

waps应该是做social waps的同位语，而不是yellow jackets的同位语。

                          2： where 不是绝对错误，逻辑和语法上说得过去

                           3：they 指代第二局句的wasps，指代没有问题。

it应该指代society，暂且不说，看下面！

                          4：如果说society consists almost entirely of  females（B）逻辑上成立，那么they （Yellow jackets/ wasps）consist almost entirely of females（A）逻辑上也成立。所以逻辑上they 没有问题。

关于consist of的用法，摘自韦氏词典：

Usage: The verb consist is employed chiefly for two purposes,
            which are marked and distinguished by the prepositions
            used. When we wish to indicate the parts which unite
            to compose a thing, we use of; as when we say,
            ``Macaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly of articles
            which were first published in the Edinburgh Review.''
            When we wish to indicate the true nature of a thing,
            or that on which it depends, we use in; as, ``There
            are some artists whose skill consists in a certain
            manner which they have affected.'' ``Our safety
            consists in a strict adherence to duty.''

所以从这点上来看，it指代society更合理！

结论：A  B 之争在于划线处定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别。

问题：谁来讲讲这两者的区别（定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别）？？语法点链接上也没有，谁来帮帮忙！

that定语从句强调一次性和具体时间；表达整体的概念

现在分词强调多次性，重复性；表达局部的概念

从定从和分词修饰区别上来看，B也更准确！

waps that live in表明指代前面所有的social waps，waps living in a表明有一部分不是这样子的。consisting表示一直都是这样always consisting of.

谢谢两位啊！！

明白了很多！

补一个关于定从何分词修饰的语法点

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=4&replyid=262967&id=33308&skin=0&page=1

。