[讨论]整理数与量考题

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从100%减少至0%

复数可数名词

(表数)

many

more

most

few

(含否定意味)

fewer

fewest

不可数名词

(表量)

much

more

most

little

(含否定意味)

less

least

橙122

More than
                            30 years ago Dr. Barbara McClintock, the Nobel Prize
  winner, reported that genes can "jump," like pearls moving mysteriously
  from one necklace to another.

More than fifty years after the Second World War, a
  number of African American soldiers were awarded─some of them posthumously─the Congressional Medal
  of Honor, the nation's highest military award, in long-overdue recognition of
  their outstanding bravery.

in recognition of something：表彰
                        

                        He was presented
  with a gold watch in recognition of his service to the company.

More than
                            300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake
                                Baikal, which holds 20 percent
  of the world's fresh water, more than
                            all
                            the North American
  Great Lakes combined.

* 第二个more
  than是比较句型

橙135

Spanning more
  than 50 years, Friedrich Muller's career
  began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in
  virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.

First discovered more than
                            30 years ago,
  Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Philippines and resembling
  a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a brilliant orange
  patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.

紫69

Organized in 1966 by the Fish and Wildlife
  Service, the Breeding Bird Survey uses annual roadside counts along established
  routes to monitor changes in the populations of more
  than
                            250 bird species, including 180 songbirds.

                            

* established固定的

LESS THAN
                            

less (a quantifier & adv.) ex: it costs less than..

干扰选项
                        lower (adj.)
                                  ex:
  Employment costs were lower than... or a lower cost of..

Less than
                            35 years after the release of African honeybees outside
  Sao Paulo, Brazil, their
  descendents, popular known as killer bees had migrated as far north as Southern Texas.

"Less than 35 years after..."
  implies that we are discussing a reality that exists at a point in time.

In the major cities of industrialized
  countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as
  theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity
  was in less than
                            one
  percent of
                            homes, where lighting was
  still provided mainly by candles or gas.

Like the African white and black rhinos,
  the Sumatran rhino has two horns, but the front one is generally less than
                            a foot long and
  the second is so small that it often appears to be missing.

When drive-ins were at the
  height of their popularity in the late 1950’s, some 4,000 existed in the United
  States, but today there are less than one-quarter
                            that many.

* amount为不可数名词！

*不可数less than one-quarter their
  size

*可数fewer
  than one-quarter of N

FIGURE用法 (figure: 0~9; figures:
  10以上)

Last year the company's largest division
  reported a six percent rise in consolidated profits, in
  contrast to the figures from the previous year,
  when it had sustained substantial losses.

In 1800 women
  born, on average, 7 children; by the Great Depression
  this figure had dropped to 2.2.
                        

* the Great Depression
  1928

LESS THAN

Employment costs rose
                            2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September,
  slightly less than
                            they did in the year
  that ended in the previous quarter.

*less than修饰rose

A study published in the British Medical
  Journal showed that women who ate nuts more than five times a week were
  about one third less
  likely to suffer from coronary heart disease than
                            were those who ate no nuts at all.

 
*less修饰likely(adj)

HAVE LESS OF 单数名词(抽象概念)

There is a widespread belief in the
  US and Western Europe that young people have less of
  a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had and
  that the source of the change lies in the collapse of the 'work ethic'.

紫72

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey,
  has survived a close brush with extinction；its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted
  in the early 1970’s.


                        * a brush with:
  a time when you only just avoid an unpleasant situation or argument

橙126

A wildlife expert predicts that the
  reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota will fail if the density of
                            the timber wolf
  population in that region is greater than
  one wolf for every 39 square miles.

紫88

Down-zoning, zoning that typically
  results in the reduction of housing density, allows for more open space in areas
  where there are few services and little available
  water.

The Environmental Protection Agency
  frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one chance in a million of causing cancer.

橙2

Of all the vast tides of migration
  that have swept through history, perhaps none was more concentrated than the wave
  that brought 12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.

                         * little more than 差不多

The investigations of many psychologists and anthropologists
  support the generalization that there is little
                            that is significantly different in the underlying mental
  processes manifested by people from different cultures.

* 不可省掉第二个that因为significantly是副词，如果省了可修饰different或是little.

* little为名词后面that子句修饰之，意思为显著差异很少

Diesel engines burn as much as 30
  percent less fuel than gasoline engines of comparable size, as well as emitting
  far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of
                            the other gases that have been implicated in global
  warming.

Researchers have determined that, because
  of poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and
  that these leopards are thus many times more rare than China's giant pandas.

LOW

紫8

The rising cost of data-processing
  operations at many financial institutions has created a growing opportunity for
  independent companies to provide these services more efficiently and at lower cost.

橙100

Bihar is India's poorest state, with
  an annual per capita income of $111, lower than
                            that of the
  most impoverished countries of the world.

Although unhappy with the high rent her
  company was paying for its suburban office building, the chief executive recognized
  that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs
  were far lower than
                            those
  typically charged for property located within the city limits.

HIGH

橙30

An inventory equal to 90 days sales
  is as much as even the strongest businesses carry, and then only as a way to anticipate
  higher
                            prices or ensure against storages.
  

紫86

Since 1986, when the Department of
  Labor began to allow fees of investment officers to be based on the performance
  of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun paying their investment
  advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher
                            fees if the managers perform well.

In the United States, while the number of foreign-born
  residents and their children is higher
                            than ever, the percentage of the population they represent
  is not; in 1910 this group made up 35 percent of the population, compared with
  20 percent in 2000.

If current trends continue, by the
  year 2010 carbon emissions in the United States will soar to a level more than
  one-third
                            higher than that in 1990, according
  to official projections.

After analyzing data gathered by weather satellites, scientists
  report that the Earth's northern latitudes have become about ten percent greener
  since 1980, due to more vigorous plant growth associated with warmer temperatures
  and higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.