OG144,请赐教

144. Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970's, has not significantly reduced the gaps existing between the richest and poorest districts.

(A)              has not significantly reduced the gaps existing

(B)              has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists

(C)             has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists

(D)             have not significantly reduced the gap that exists

(E)              have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing

OG的关于E的解释是Choice E uses a similarly wordy expression that changes the meaning of the sentence, stating not that the efforts have significantly reduced the gap but that they failed to play a significant role in some already-existing reduction of several gaps

我明白第一个错误，可是关于他changes the meaning的这个说法，我读了好几遍也没有想明白前后两个意思有什么不同,请哪位NN给指点一下.先谢过

Efforts ... have not been (significant in) a reduction of the gaps (existing...)

变成了efforts不是有意义的对于一个存在于...的gaps的减少，意思不通不说，原句的意思也变了。

"可是关于他changes the meaning的这个说法，我读了好几遍也没有想明白前后两个意思有什么不同,请哪位NN给指点一下.先谢过"

其实是这样的:

E的意思可以是:
EFFORTS是众多能够REDUCE GAPS的其中一个因素,在这么多因素中,EFFORTS没有起到和其他因素同等SIGNIFICANT的作用.

所以说引起歧义,改变了愿句:EFFORTS没有起到SIGNIFICANT作用的意思.(没有其他因素的比较)

the original mean in the sentense is that efforts significantly reduced the gaps ,here significantly  modifies reduced to underscore the extent of the reduction,while e means that efforts have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps,here significant modifies efforts to underscore the role of the efforts that played in the action of reduction  

“Choice E uses a similarly wordy expression that changes the meaning of the sentence, stating not that the efforts have significantly reduced the gap but that they failed to play a significant role in some already-existing reduction of several gaps.”

估计og的这个解释有错误。

正确应该是:Choice E uses a similarly wordy expression that changes the meaning of the sentence, stating not that the efforts have not　significantly reduced the gap but that they failed to play a significant role in some already-existing reduction of several gaps.

从Ｄ和Ｅ来看，都在讲efforts　not　reduce的事，如果加了not，就好理解了。状态和动作的区别。

Ｄ：have not significantly reduced the gap that exists

副词修饰动词，说明reduced的程度是significantly的．　（也是原文要表达的意思）

Ｅ：have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing

"Be adj. in sth" 意思是说，Efforts在reduction这个＂活动＂里，起到了significant的作用（所以错误）

还是关于分词与同位语从句的一个问题.

如果此题的答案E改为的话, have not significantly reduced the gap existing 那么在D与E中应该何去何从呢? 意思上有什么改变吗?

谢谢哪位大仙指点迷津~~~

当名词（句子前部分没有出现过的）前面有THE时，用定语从句，因为是限定性的，所以是特指；而如果没有THE，则用分词表示泛指。

个人意见，供讨论~~~