AAA11感谢小女公子的文章欢迎大家继续讨论

小女公子 · 发表于 2005-6-6 20:54:00

AA11

A11. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper:

“Last year when laceName w:st="on">WashingtonlaceName> laceType w:st="on">CountylaceType> received a special appropriation for improving highway safety, it spent all those funds to straighten sections of certain county roads. Unfortunately, the number of traffic accidents in the county was actually higher than in the previous year. Although laceName w:st="on">AdamslaceName> laceType w:st="on">CountylaceType> received a smaller appropriation for improving highway safety, it hired more police officers and enforced traffic laws more strictly. Last year laceName w:st="on">AdamslaceName> County reported 15% fewer traffic accidents than during the previous year. Since money for improving highway safety throughout the state is limited, we can achieve greater success with less expenditure by using all such funds for stricter enforcement of speed limits.”

According to the argument, the author advocates that the state mentioned should use all its funds to reinforce speed limits rather than improve road condition. To buttress his claim, the author cites that in Adams County, the accident rate declines significantly after the county tightens its speed control. Moreover, the author claims that Washington County, which receives a special appropriation to ameliorate highway safety, reports a higher accidents rate. On meticulous reflection, however, the author's deduction is heavily biased for some intolerable fallacies.

To begin with, the author illogically assumes that strengthening certain county road is useless in preventing car accidents because after the improvement the number of accidents rises. No information, however, is offered to substantiate this crucial assumption. It is possible that the accidents in the certain improved road decrease significantly. Moreover, the author fails to rule out other potential factors that may lead to the phenomenon. For instance, the accidents this year outnumber those of previous year because this year Washington County undergoes serious weather, which hampered the drivers’ visual condition. Without eliminating these possibilities, the author reaches an unwarranted inference.

Additionally, the author fallaciously postulates that the stricter speed limit is the only reason for accident decline because the enforcement happens occasionally before the decrease. The mere statistical correlation does not necessarily indicate a causal relationship between the two events. Many other factors may help to explain the phenomenon. For example, people may become more prudent when drive because Adamn County meanwhile spends large proportion of it budget to propagandize the importance of traffic safety. Or perhaps a special program intended to enhance people's recognition in traffic safety does work. Lacking information about other tactics of A county, we can hardly conclude whether enforcement of speed limits is as effective as mentioned.

Last but not lease, the author commits the fallacy of "all things equal". Granted that the stricter enforcement lead to accidents decline in Adamn County, it is absurd to presume that the strategy will bring same triumph in other counties, because these counties are not analogous at all. Perhaps it is easy for Adamn County to hire more police at a low cost because the unemployment rate there is high, but the labor cost will be tremendous in other counties. Or perhaps people in Adamn County are more complied with traffic law. These differences will heavily undermine the success rate of enforcement in other counties.

To sum up, it is unwise for a prudent decision-maker to accept the recommendation soly on the basis of the analysis presented, because the information quoted in the argument is too vague to guarantee the author's claim. To solidify the proposal, the author should demonstrate that enforcement of speed limits is an indispensable solution. Moreover, I would be still skeptical about the validity of the conclusion unless the author finally excludes all the potentialities analyzed above.

承影 · 发表于 2005-6-9 22:50:00

写得挺好的。加油！

小女公子 · 发表于 2005-6-10 14:58:00

以下是引用承影在2005-6-9 22:50:00的发言：
写得挺好的。加油！

brace大哥是真的吗……感动…………我对我作文从来就没有信心的……因为不稳定……错别字也很多，怎么都改不了…………我会继续努力的…………

judydongxueni · 发表于 2005-6-11 21:15:00

以下是引用小女公子在2005-6-6 20:54:00的发言：

AA11

A11. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper:

“Last year when laceName w:st="on">WashingtonlaceName> laceType w:st="on">CountylaceType> received a special appropriation for improving highway safety, it spent all those funds to straighten sections of certain county roads. Unfortunately, the number of traffic accidents in the county was actually higher than in the previous year. Although laceName w:st="on">AdamslaceName> laceType w:st="on">CountylaceType> received a smaller appropriation for improving highway safety, it hired more police officers and enforced traffic laws more strictly. Last year laceName w:st="on">AdamslaceName> County reported 15% fewer traffic accidents than during the previous year. Since money for improving highway safety throughout the state is limited, we can achieve greater success with less expenditure by using all such funds for stricter enforcement of speed limits.”

According to the argument, the author advocates that the state mentioned should use all its funds to reinforce speed limits rather than improve road condition. To buttress his claim, the author cites that in Adams County, the accident rate declines significantly after the county tightens its speed control. Moreover, the author claims that Washington County, which receives a special appropriation to ameliorate highway safety, reports a higher accidents rate. On meticulous reflection, however, the author's deduction is heavily biased for some intolerable fallacies.

8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.

“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.”

Discuss how well reasoned... etc.

Based upon a survey among workers that indicates a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs, the author concludes that workers are not apathetic about management issues. Specifically, it is argued that since 79 percent of the 1200 workers who responded to survey expressed interest in these topics, the notion that workers are apathetic about management issues is incorrect. The reasoning in this argument is problematic in several respects.

呵呵这是AWA224里面的一个开头。我觉得可以参考一下其中的时态哦。作者的意见观点用一般现在式没有问题。但是 cite 的内容由于已经有了明显的过去时间状语建议还是采用过去式和相应的过去完成式。后面提到的内容也是如此。

To begin with, the author illogically assumes that strengthening certain county road is useless in preventing car accidents because after the improvement the number of accidents rises. No information, however, is offered to substantiate this crucial assumption. It is possible that the accidents in the certain improved road decrease significantly. Moreover, the author fails to rule out other potential factors that may lead to the phenomenon. For instance, the accidents this year outnumber those of previous year because this year Washington County undergoes serious weather, which hampered the drivers’ visual condition. Without eliminating these possibilities, the author reaches an unwarranted inference.

Additionally, the author fallaciously postulates that the stricter speed limit is the only reason for accident decline because the enforcement happens occasionally before the decrease. The mere statistical correlation does not necessarily indicate a causal relationship between the two events. Many other factors may help to explain the phenomenon. For example, people may become more prudent when drive because Adamn County meanwhile spends large proportion of it budget to propagandize the importance of traffic safety. Or perhaps a special program intended to enhance people's recognition in traffic safety does work. Lacking information about other tactics of A county, we can hardly conclude whether enforcement of speed limits is as effective as mentioned.

Last but not lease, the author commits the fallacy of "all things equal". Granted that the stricter enforcement lead to accidents

这个是固定用法吗？

decline in Adamn County, it is absurd to presume that the strategy will bring same triumph in other counties, because these counties are not analogous at all. Perhaps it is easy for Adamn County to hire more police at a low cost because the unemployment rate there is high, but the labor cost will be tremendous in other counties. Or perhaps people in Adamn County are more complied with traffic law. These differences will heavily undermine the success rate of enforcement in other counties.

To sum up, it is unwise for a prudent decision-maker to accept the recommendation soly on the basis of the analysis presented, because the information quoted in the argument is too vague to guarantee the author's claim. To solidify the proposal, the author should demonstrate that enforcement of speed limits is an indispensable solution. Moreover, I would be still skeptical about the validity of the conclusion unless the author finally excludes all the potentialities analyzed above.

就是时态了，别的问题都不大。已经写的很好了。时态的问题找几篇AWA的范文就可以解决了哦。不只是开头，行文里面遇到引用作者的证据的也要注意。

judydongxueni · 发表于 2005-6-11 21:16:00

以下是引用承影在2005-6-9 22:50:00的发言：
写得挺好的。加油！

呵呵这个不是brace哦。不过写的真的很好了。

小女公子 · 发表于 2005-6-12 13:50:00

thanks Judy..记得以前你问过我，结果一忙忘记复你了。Granted that好像不是个标准用法，我不该在作文里用的，今后改正……之所以这么用是因为我用了很多年了……所以……呵呵，也不知道从哪里学来的奇怪用法。

judydongxueni · 发表于 2005-6-13 21:52:00

感谢小女公子的文章，欢迎大家继续讨论。

dearjane · 发表于 2005-8-23 11:08:00

这里似乎还有一个偷换概念的错误：例子中的more police officers and more strict traffic laws不等于stricter enforcement of speed limits.

像这种偷换概念的错误应该怎么表述呢？

Waiting for further discussion...

carcar · 发表于 2005-10-13 02:39:00

1.washington county车祸多了，是否有其他原因影响

2。adam county 车祸少了，是否有其他原因影响。

3，两个county不同，没有可比性？

4。county的情况不适用于整个state？

5。stricter enforcement of speed limits 不等同于more police and enforcement of traffic law more strictly

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-13 2:46:00编辑过]

mushroom_111 · 发表于 2005-10-18 15:02:00

这不是题库的题阿？

AAA11感谢小女公子的文章欢迎大家继续讨论

AAA11感谢小女公子的文章欢迎大家继续讨论

8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.

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