SUMMARY:
The WGA (Wharton Graduate Association, basically the student council) has shepherded a student-wide vote that has agreed to maintain the current student-led GND policy in the face of recruiters. This policy will hold for the class of 2008 until another referendum is held next year.
This post is long, but I figured it would be helpful to be comprehensive. This post includes: 1) CONTEXT 2) FEB 15 WHARTON EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ACTION (SUMMARY) 3) WHARTON GRADUATE ASSOCIATION 4) WHARTON GRADUATE ASSOCIATION GND PROPOSAL 5) CLARIFICATION OF THE VOTING PROCESS - EMAIL SENT FEBRUARY 23 FROM THE WGA 6) FEBRUARY 23 EMAIL FROM THE WGA: REFERRENDUM RESULTS
CONTEXT:
Many top business schools, such as HBS, Stanford, Chicago, and Wharton have had a GND policy in recent years. Various reasons have been cited, but "supporting a co-operative, supportive student environment" has been one of the most prominent.
Media (and recruiter?) pressure in 2005 led Harvard Business School earlier this winter to eliminate their GND policy for the class of 2008 and beyond.
Harvard's decision accelerated the feeling of urgency on the Wharton campus. Wharton administrators, who had already been promoting dialog on the issue for months, and who had nearly all been leaning toward eliminating the GND policy, issued a formal statement on February 15th.
FEB 15 WHARTON EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ACTION (SUMMARY)
In this memo on "faculty action," Dean Harker introduces newly "approved resolutions" of the Wharton Executive Committee. The entire memo is quoted later in this post, but I cite the GND element here:
Wharton students are free to disclose any aspect of their own academic transcripts to prospective employers or any other interested parties, and are encouraged to do so. Such disclosure is a legal right and it is Wharton policy to protect this right. Prospective employers are free to request from students any aspect of their academic transcripts.
The final two sentences of the memo sum up the thinking:
We are attaching below the approved resolutions that were enacted at yesterday's faculty meeting for your review. We hope you will consider the four-point plan in its entirety and agree that it is a balanced effort to build value in the Wharton MBA degree for the long term.
WHARTON GRADUATE ASSOCIATION
At its core, however, the Wharton GND policy is a student-led initiative that was initially voted on by students in 1994. (Note that this was not the case at HBS.) Many students felt offended at the faculty's attempt to eliminate a policy they were not "entitled" to address.
A referrendum was held February 22nd and February 23rd for students to vote on whether to maintain the student-led GND. This referrendum required at least 50% voter turnout and at least 67% approval to maintain the GND policy; otherwise, as a default, the student-led GND would "disappear." The referrendum also claims that it is to be revoted on every year.
Particularly pertinent to the audience of this board is the population affected by these decisions. In all situations (I think), the classes of 2006 and 2007 were grandfathered into the old policy. The Class of 2008 would be the first class affected by this change in policy.
WHARTON GRADUATE ASSOCIATION GND PROPOSAL
Wharton students voted February 22nd and 23rd on the following proposal.
WHARTON MBA STUDENT POLICY ON FIRST AND SECOND YEAR GRADE DISCLOSURE
ADOPTED BY REFERENDUM JANUARY 26, 1994, UPDATED FEBRUARY 20, 2006
This policy draws its strength and significance from the collective will of Wharton抯 student community. By adhering to it, students uphold and reinforce certain aspects of the Wharton culture for which the institution is renowned. Although compliance is not mandatory, we ask that all students abide by the majority will of their peers and in the spirit of the Wharton experience.
- The Wharton MBA student body believes that academic grades must be separate from the recruiting process. As such,
- Students, both First and Second years, are to refrain from discussing GPAs or transcripts with recruiters.
i. We ask students to recognize the collective will of the Wharton student body and to deny any employer requests for transcript records until a full-time position has been offered.
- Recruiters are requested to refrain from asking students about GPAs or transcripts.
i. We ask that recruiters also recognize the collective will of Wharton抯 student body and abstain from requesting transcripts or class rank from students.
ii. If a prospective employer requests a transcript, students should remind the employer of the WGA抯 non-disclosure policy.
- All academic honors, such as nomination to the Director抯 List, First Year Honors or TA experiences, may be disclosed to recruiters.
- The policy outlined above was adopted to address the fallibility of grades as a metric in evaluating student performance. For example,
- The Wharton curriculum relies heavily on experiential learning to develop students?leadership and interpersonal skills. Opportunities to demonstrate or improve these skills often fall outside the purview of academics and are therefore not fully captured in a student抯 GPA.
- An important vehicle for experiential learning is group work on academic projects. Teams, rather than individuals, are held accountable for academic performance. Grades on team projects, which are significant contributors to individual course grades, do not directly reflect the strengths and weaknesses of individual team members.
- Grades can be imperfect predictors of job performance; they measure performance in a setting that is often dissimilar to most work environments.
- Overemphasis on grades by recruiters may impel students to avoid courses that are challenging and/or removed from previous experience, thereby limiting their education to ensure better grades.
- This policy does not prohibit students or recruiters from broaching the subject of academics. It encourages students and recruiters to discuss other individual accomplishments that effectively communicate the full range of their abilities.
- This is a student-led, voluntary initiative. As such, students must re-affirm their commitment to this policy on an annual basis. Specifically,
- Beginning in 2007, there will be a school-wide referendum between January 10 and 20.
- The referendum will re-affirm this policy only if:
i. At least one-half (50%) of the student body (including both First and Second years) participates.
ii. At least two-thirds (66.7%) of participants vote to maintain grade non-disclosure.
- If either element fails to achieve the requisite participation figures, another vote must be held within three (3) months. If at that time the referendum again fails, this grade non-disclosure policy will be struck from the bylaws and rendered obsolete.
- Only the WGA Executive Council can propose changes to this policy. Such changes will be implemented upon an affirmative vote in a special school-wide referendum (as described above). Should the changes be approved by the student body, the vote to re-affirm the grade non-disclosure policy will take place as scheduled with the newly adopted changes.
CLARIFICATION OF THE VOTING PROCESS - EMAIL SENT FEBRUARY 23 FROM THE WGA
Dear Classmates,
Over the last two days we have heard a few students express concerns with the new student GND policy. To wit: the new policy requires an annual vote to re-affirm student sentiment and a supermajority to pass.
The following points address these concerns.
Annual Voting:
1. The policy calls for students to act collectively. Since the collective changes every year, the new students should have the right to assert their commitment to the policy.
2. The current misinformation stemmed from the poorly communicated GND policy. We designed the annual vote to keep everyone well informed of the true policy and to ensure the integrity and validity of the process.
3. As stated in the document, the policy cannot fail unless the students vote it down not once, but twice. This clause ensures the policy will accurately reflect the will of Wharton抯 student body.
Supermajority:
1. A supermajority is necessary for credibility. We can only communicate such a message to recruiters/stakeholder/etc. with a clear mandate from the vast majority of students.
2. Without the tacit support of Career Services, the primary strength of our GND policy will be the collective will of the students. Only a supermajority can demonstrate such unity.
3. A supermajority approval strengthens student adherence: it establishes the will of the current student body, thus galvanizing student support.
We fully expect the current vote on the new GND policy to reflect students?views. As the polls closed today at 5pm, we will disseminate the results as soon as they are certified.
Best Regards,
Serhan Secmen and the WGA
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FEBRUARY 23 EMAIL FROM THE WGA: REFERRENDUM RESULTS
Dear Classmates,
As we have often communicated, this most-recent vote on grade non-disclosure would accurately reflect current student sentiment on the issue. Indeed, the results demonstrate that students are even more decidedly in favor of GND today than they were when the policy was first adopted in 1994.
GND VOTE 2006 |
Total Number of Voting Students |
1,319 |
Votes in Favor of the GND Policy |
1,188 |
Total Number of WGA Members |
1,580 |
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Participation: |
83.5% |
Approval: |
90.1% |
As this marks the first year in which Careers Services will not disseminate the WGA抯 GND policy to recruiters, we must communicate this message to stakeholders directly. As such, we are grateful for both the turnout and unity reflected in this vote. The message implied by these stark figures is clear: WHARTON STUDENTS REAFFIRM THEIR COMMITMENT TO GRADE NON-DISCLOSURE.
The strong participation and approval rates bode well for future votes on GND. We are convinced that students choose to attend Wharton because they embrace its culture梕volved by students, faculty, and administrators over many years. We can be confident future generations will reaffirm this commitment for the foreseeable future.
Thank you all for your participation and support throughout this process.
Sincerely,
Serhan Secmen and the WGA
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PS. The results from 1994:
GND VOTE 1994 |
Total Number of Voting Students |
843 |
Votes in Favor of the GND Policy |
661 |
Total Number of WGA Members |
1,512 |
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|
Participation: |
55.8% |
Approval: |
78.4% |
FEBRUARY 15TH EMAIL FROM DEAN HARKER REGARDING WHARTON EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ACTIONS
As many of you are aware, at yesterday抯 meeting of the Wharton faculty, the MBA Executive Committee presented a four-point plan to address the faculty抯 goals for enhancing the academic environment within the MBA program. We are writing to communicate the resolutions adopted by the faculty, which we believe are a strong step in our continuing efforts to enhance the overall experience of our students.
The plan discussed at yesterday抯 meeting has evolved from a long and thoughtful process undertaken by the MBA Executive Committee over the past year and a half, an exercise that highlighted the shared commitment of Wharton students, faculty and alumni to academic excellence in the MBA program. We wish to acknowledge our debt of gratitude to the MBA Executive Committee, the Wharton Graduate Association leadership, and the other faculty, students and members of Wharton抯 advisory boards for their contributions to this effort.
The faculty have, after careful investigation and discussion, and extensive consultation with students, elected to take a strong leadership position in strengthening academics as the focal point of the Wharton MBA degree. The faculty seek through these changes and recommendations to foster the environment within the program that best promotes the centrality of academics and the learning experience for our students.
The four elements of MBA Executive Committee抯 resolutions include:
1. enhancing the environment for teaching and learning in the MBA classroom;
2. alleviating some of the time demands of recruiting by working with recruiters to eliminate repetitive and ineffective steps in the recruiting process;
3. changing the grading system, beginning with next year抯 incoming first-year students, to more accurately reflect the range of performance levels;
4. and upholding the rights of students and recruiters to utilize grades as a tool to evaluate job candidates.
The latter two points regarding the change in the grading system and grade disclosure are intended to give students the opportunity to signal meaningful measures of the students?competency in subject areas important to recruiters?interests. It is hoped that these steps will complement our other efforts to ease the increasing demands recruiters are currently placing on students to demonstrate that information by other means.
We want to also point out some facts that may not be fully understood regarding the current practice of grade non-disclosure which place this practice in conflict with critical institutional values. First, the Wharton School administration and that of the University of Pennsylvania are forbidden by U.S. federal law to disclose a student抯 academic transcript to anyone without the student抯 permission. Likewise, the School and the University have no authority to force students to disclose their information. However, under the University抯 Open Expression Guidelines, no one, including the administration or the Wharton Graduate Association, can limit students?right to freely express or disclose their academic performance information to whomever that they chooses. Also, no one can preclude a recruiter from asking for academic performance indicators, including grades in individual courses, at any time during the recruiting process. Students may decline to submit such information, because they cannot be forced to disclose the information.
Yesterday抯 faculty discussion reflects our institutional commitment to educational excellence and to our academic mission. Maximizing all aspects of the students?learning experience is an ongoing process, and we will continue to work together as a community toward that end.
We are attaching , below the approved resolutions that were enacted at yesterday抯 faculty meeting for your review. We hope you will consider the four-point plan in its entirety and agree that it is a balanced effort to build value in the Wharton MBA degree for the long term.
Patrick T. Harker
Dean
Anjani Jain
Vice Dean, Graduate Division
[The email continues with the following Four-Point Plan.]
Enhancing the Academic Environment
A Four-Point Plan
The 2005-2006 MBA Executive MBA Executive Committee recommended the following comprehensive four-point plan to enhance the academic environment at Wharton to the faculty on February 14, 2006. The Wharton faculty adopted the recommendations .
I. Shaping a Culture of Teaching and Learning
The MBA Executive Committee recommended that the administration work with faculty and students to shape a culture of excellence in teaching and learning. In particular, the MBA Executive Committee recommended consideration of the following initial steps to promote continual improvement.
?SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> Administrative annunciation of Concert Rules as the expected norms for classroom etiquette.
?SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> In courses where attendance is required, encourage faculty to articulate strict attendance requirements with explicit penalties for violations, such as an automatic drop. Where needed, provide support to facilitate attendance taking.
?SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> Monitor and minimize extracurricular conflicts with classes
?SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> Encourage faculty to explicitly reward class preparation. For example, disseminate best practice strategies for cold calling, quizzes, written participation and other methods across faculty.
?SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> Develop explicit initiatives to protect and encourage a culture of real student cooperation. For example, reward student-to-student mentoring within classes.
?SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> Develop methods to quickly identify and respond to concerns regarding teaching problems. For example, set up formal channels to monitor and respond to student concerns about teaching as they occur.
Recognizing that shaping culture is a long term evolutionary goal, the MBA Executive Committee recommended the creation of an oversight subcommittee of administrators, faculty and students to actively monitor progress towards this goal.
II. Reforming the MBA Recruiting Process
The MBA Executive Committee recommended that the administration undertake a comprehensive reform of the recruiting process to improve efficiency. The goal should be to minimize time demands and stress on students, but without adversely affecting student career opportunities or employer experience of the recruiting environment. Discussions with both students and employers indicate such reform is both feasible and desirable. In getting started, the following initiatives should be pursued.
- Create a clear policy for employers that forbids recruiting conflicts with classes; help students reschedule recruiting commitments to avoid conflict with the academic calendar.
- Increase the efficiency of 1st year recruiting activity by working with student clubs and employers to deliver events that focus primarily on informing students about industries, functions, and companies during Q1, while delaying purely evaluative employer activities to as late as possible in the first year
- Promote an open channel for interview lists for on-campus recruiting by introducing a bid/auction system.
- Explore initiatives such as career-fairs and a DIP period for 2nd years to achieve efficiency in the recruiting process and mitigate conflicts with academic commitments.
- Work actively with student groups and employers to build consensus with respect to changes.
III. Statement of the Wharton Grade Disclosure Policy
The MBA Executive Committee recommended , and the faculty voted to adopt , the following statement of the Wharton Grade Disclosure Policy:
Wharton students are free to disclose any aspect of their own academic transcripts to prospective employers or any other interested parties, and are encouraged to do so. Such disclosure is a legal right and it is Wharton policy to protect this right. Prospective employers are free to request from students any aspect of their academic transcripts.
IV. New Wharton MBA Grading System
The MBA Executive Committee recommended , and the faculty voted to adopt , the following changes to the MBA Grading System:
1. Letter Grades and Point Values: Adopt the traditional grading system with letter grades A/B/C/D/F with + and - distinctions. The letter grades will carry the usual point values A=4, B=3, C=2, D=1, F=0. The +'s and -'s will trisect the interval between full letter grades; i.e., a + grade will be 0.33 above the full grade value and a - grade 0.33 below. A+'s will be allowed but will still carry a 4.0 point value, a University of Pennsylvania policy.
2. Upper Limit on CMGPA: CMGPA (Class MBA Grade Point Average) will here refer to the average point value of the grades assigned to the MBA students in a class. For MBA classes with an MBA enrollment of 20 or more at the conclusion of the course, the CMGPA may not exceed 3.33. The following conditions will apply:
a. Multiple sections of a course: When faculty teach multiple sections of a course in a semester, they may choose to aggregate the students across multiple sections for assigning grades and computing the CMGPA.
b. Small enrollment courses: When the number of MBA students enrolled in a course is fewer than 20, the CMGPA Upper Limit is linearly modified as follows:
CMGPA Upper Limit = 3.33 + 0.04(20 - E)+,
where E is the MBA enrollment of the course at its conclusion. In words, the upper limit CMGPA is raised by 0.04 for every enrollment count below 20. This upper limit modification applies to all MBA courses including electives and ASPs.
c. Courses with a mixed population (MBA and non-MBA) of students: A number of MBA courses have non-MBA enrollments. The non-MBA students in these courses are graded on the grading basis of their home schools and the CMGPA Upper Limit is computed only with respect to the MBA population of these courses according to the criteria above. Faculty teaching courses with mixed populations will receive separate grade sheets for non-MBA students.
d. Enforcement: Course grade submissions will not be accepted if the CMGPA Upper Limit is exceeded. Any exemptions for special circumstances must be approved by the Vice Dean of the Graduate Division.
3. Pass-Fail Option: Each student may take up to 1 elective credit unit PASS-FAIL each semester (with the instructor's permission). PASS-FAIL grades will be excluded from all CMGPA and individual GPA calculations. This Pass-Fail option does not supersede departmental conditions for majors.
4. Grandfathering the Class of 2007: The new grading system will apply exclusively to the students in the class of 2008 and beyond. Students in the class of 2007 will continue to be graded on the current scale in all of their classes. All aspects of the CMGPA Upper Limit described above will apply only to those students in the class of 2008 and beyond who are enrolled in each class.
5. Minimum Academic Standards and Academic Honors: For the classes of 2006 and 2007, the current criteria with respect to academic probation and dismissal will remain extant. For the class of 2008 and beyond, a grade of F will be equivalent to an NC and the NC-based probation and dismissal criteria will remain in place. Faculty will continue to report to the MBA Office the bottom 10% list of students in their classes. These implicit "QC" designations, as well as F (= NC) grades, will continue to be the basis of dismissal as per the current rules. After a year or two of experience with the new grading system, the MBA Executive MBA Executive Committee will consider recasting probation and dismissal criteria in terms of GPA thresholds. Any proposed changes will then go through the usual faculty approval process. There is no change to the computation of academic honors.
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