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附录一：从OG中摘出来的独立写作评分标准
How essays are scored
1. Development is the amt and kinds of support (examples, details, reasons) for your ideas that you present in your essay. To get a top score, your essay should be according to the rater guidelines, “well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details.” The raters will judge whether you have addressed the topic and how well your details, examples, and reasons support your ideas.
Do not “memorize” long introductory and concluding paragraphs just to add words to your essay. Raters will not look favorably on wordy introductory and concluding paragraphs.
Likewise, raters will not look favorably on paragraphs like the following, which uses a lot of words but fails to develop any real ideas.
In your writing, make sure you develop some solid ideas about the given topic. Don’t just use a lot of words saying that a certain issue exists. Your essay may be 300 or even 400 words long, but if it consists largely of the sorts of empty or content-free paragraphs shown above, you’ll probably earn a score of just 1 or 2.
2. Organization is really sth that raters notice- when you fail to organize. If an essay is organized, a reader will be able to read it from beginning to end without becoming confused. Writing in paragraphs and marking transitions from one idea to another in various ways usually helps the reader to follow your ideas. But be aware that just using transition words such as first or second does not guarantee that your essay is organized. The points you make must all relate to the topic of the essay and to the main idea you are presenting in response. In other words, your essay should be unified. The scoring guide mentions “unity” as well as “progression” and “coherence”- these are terms that all have to do with how well your essay is organized and how easy it is for the reader to follow you ideas. To earn a top score, you need to avoid redundancy (repetition of ideas), digression (points that are not related to your main point, that take away from the “unity” of your ideas), and unclear connections (places where it is hard for the reader to understand how 2 ideas or parts of your writing are related).
3 Language use is the third criterion on which your essay will be judged. To get a top score, an essay must display “consistent facility in the use of language.” There should be a variety of sentence structures, and word choice should be appropriate. If your essay includes a few minor lexical or grammar errors, you can still get a high score. However, if you make a lot of grammar errors and if those errors make it hard to understand your meaning, you will get a lower score. Raters will also judge your essay based on the complexity of sentence structures and on the quality and complexity of your vocabulary. If you use very simple sentences and very basic vocabulary, you will probably not be able to express very complex ideas. If your language is hard to follow, your sentences are overly simple, and your vocabulary is limited, you may score no higher than a 3 no matter how impressive your ideas may be.
附录二：新托福独立作文评分标准
5 An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following
o effectively addresses the topic and task
o is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanation, exemplification, and/or details
o displays unity, progression, and coherence
o displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
4 An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following
o addresses the topic and task well enough, some points may not be fully elaborated
o is generally well organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanation, exemplification, and/or details
o displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression, or unclear connection
o displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have may have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure or word form or idiomatic language use that do not interfere with meaning
3 An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following
o addresses the topic and task using somewhat developed explanation, exemplification, and/or details
o displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connection of ideas may be occasionally obscured
o may demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning
o may display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary
2 An essay at this level may reveal one or more of the following weakness
o limited development in response to the topic and task
o inadequate organization or connection of ideas
o inappropriate or insufficient exemplification, explanation, or details to support or illustrate generalizations in response to the task
o a noticeably inappropriate choice of word or word forms
o an accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usage
1 An essay at this level is seriously flawed by one or more of the following weakness
o serious disorganization or underdevelopment
o little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics, or questionable responsiveness to the task
o serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage
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发表于 2007-2-21 23:12:00
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