求教几道改错题~~谢谢

1. A seismograph records oscillation of the ground caused by seismic waves, vibrations that travel from its point of origin through the Earth or along its surface.

2.Composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II brought to the musical Oklahoma! extensive musical and theatrical backgrounds as well as familiar with the traditional forms of operetta and musical comedy.

3.Essential a nineteenth century instrument, the calliopy was usually played outdoors and was a part of fairs,holiday gatherings, and other such activities.

4.Electricity is the phenomenon associated with positively and negatively particle charged of matter at rest and in motion, either individually or in great numbers.

为什么不是associating??

其他的题目怎么改呢，谢谢大家指教

1. d: --> to         from...to...

2. c: --> familiarity

3. a: --> Essentially

4. b: --> charged particle