GWD 语法题疑问～～～

邹醒醒 · 发表于 2014-9-1 12:37:18

T-9-Q13. 987-184

Building large newhospitals in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of resources, onthe basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone.

A. on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone

B. on the grounds of avoiding duplicated facilities alone

C. solely in that duplicated facilities should be avoided

D. while the duplication of facilities should be avoided

E. if only because the duplication of facilities should be avoided

我选了b，为什么alone在末尾不可以，alone可以表强调啊？而且e有被动语态。

T-9-Q24. 987-304

For many people, householdlabor remains demanding even if able to afford household appliances theirgrandparents would find a miracle.

A. evenif able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle

B. despitebeing able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find amiracle

C. evenif they can afford household appliances their grandparents would have foundmiraculous

D. althoughthey could afford household appliances their grandparents would find miraculous

E. even if they are able toafford household appliances which would have been a miracle to theirgrandparents

不知道为什么选c我选了a

Research during the pastseveral decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce andmake it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlyingsimplicity.

A. that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead ofunderlying simplicity

B. of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity butgreat complexity

C. by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity butgreat complexity

D. by which it is produced andunderstood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity

E. by which one produces andunderstands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity

这题我选c为什么不对啊？

T-9-Q29. 987-637

Several studies have found that the coronarypatients who exercise most actively have half or less than half the chanceof dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary.

A. havehalf or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who aresedentary

B. havehalf the chance, or less, of dying of a heart attack than those who aresedentary do

C. havehalf the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those whoare sedentary do

D. areat least fifty percent less likely to die of a heart attack as those who aresedentary

E. areat least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of aheart attack

这题我觉得每个选项都是错都的～～～e后面those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack有歧义

邹醒醒 · 发表于 2014-9-7 13:40:55

lainemai · 发表于 2014-9-7 16:38:09

T-9-Q13. 987-184
Building large new hospitals in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of resources,on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone.
A. on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone
B. on the grounds of avoiding duplicated facilities alone
C. solely in that duplicated facilities should be avoided
D. while the duplication of facilities should be avoided
E. if only because the duplication of facilities should be avoided

我选了b，为什么alone在末尾不可以，alone可以表强调啊？而且e有被动语态。
被动语态在GMAT里不一定就是错误，我曾经看到过论坛上一位大牛的备考心经，他是这样总结SC的：一个句子，用active voice,表达的信息量是什么？强调的信息量又是什么》换成passive voice又是怎么样的？通常哪一种voice所表达的信息量更大呢？你能找几个用passove voice更好的句子，来justify the usage of passive voice么？

Before scientists learned how to make asynthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadevers.

A)
B) scientists had learned about makinga synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly
C) scientists learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed
D) learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly
E) learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed by scientists

原句(A)尽管语法错误，但表达的意思是清晰的，就说：到底是谁"remove it painstakingly"？这个问题作者没说，也不重要。强调的只是受体，而不是subject.
所以正确选项(C)的passive voice恰如其分。而错误选项(B)(D)包含的意思是scientists是"remove it painstakingly"的主语，这就是在原句基础上凭空添加了主语，distort the meaning.

看，当你明白了active/passive voice所造成的本质的区别之后，你还需要去记忆所谓的“主动比被动好”这样的不靠谱的法则么？不用了吧，解放咱的宝贵的记忆空间吧~

再进一步，下面这道题，你能否不考虑modifier issues，只通过active/passive voice 这一点来选定正确答案？（我来人为制造难度，嘿嘿…..提示：preserve the author’s intended meaning）

When drafting the Declaration of Sentiments that was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Conventions in 1848, included in it by the author, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was a call for female enfranchisement.

A, When drafting the Declaration of Sentimentsthat was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Conventions in 1848, included in it by the author, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was a call for female enfranchisement.
B. Including a call for female enfranchisement, a draft of the Declaration of Sentiments was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Conventions in 1848 that Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote.
C. When the Declaration of Sentiments drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention in 1848, a call for female enfranchisement had been included in it .
D. A call for female enfranchisement, included in Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s draft of the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848, that was adopted by the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention.
E. When Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments that was adopted at the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention in 1848, she included in it a call for female enfranchisement.

这题，我的思路是：原句里有这么几个动词以及所对应的发出者：
1. Draft – Elizabeth Cady Stanton
2. Adopt – unknown people/organization (UNKNOWN SUBJECT)
3. Include - Elizabeth Cady Stanton
而尽管原句语法错误，但以上意思是很清晰的。那么正确的句子必须能体现draft和include两个动作的主语是Elizabeth Cady Stanton，同时也要体现adopt这个动作的主语未知——那么adopt就应用passive voice，根据咱前面讨论的passive voice的本质。来看看各个选项，除了(A)之外，只有(E)清晰地表达了以上3个动作所拥有的信息量，对吧？
固然这题主要是考modifier，以上算多提供一种思路吧。

回归你的问题：首先我排除了ACD，A个人觉得是因为这样出现两个of很awkward,而且avoid用的是名词，C的话in that 本来就是不再在G里出现的错误用法，D原文没有转折的语气所以不能有while，加了while改变原句的逻辑意思。剩下B和E。请注意duplicated facilities与duplication of facilities的中心词的不同。从逻辑上不通：避免的应是duplication而不应该为facilities。，所以排除B，个人觉得和LZ所说的ALONE什么强调的没有关系，关注的点错了
以下是曼哈顿官网的解释：
i wanna add some explanations on this question:
1.The problem with both A and B is that "of" after "on the basis/grounds" is introducing a very awckward phrase.
however,The explanation (duplicate facilities should be avoided) is not just a "thing" but an action; a clause would be better than a phrase. In A & B, "avoidance of duplicated facilities" is very awckward. Get rid of them.
2. the main issue discussed here is whether we should use "duplicated facilities" or "duplication of facilities".
go back to the meaning of the sentence.
"在B地建设很大的医院是浪费钱，（如果）只考虑重复建设的话。"
so what we wanna avoid is the repeating action, not the facilities themselves, and consider of this point, D & E are better.
3." while" changes the meaning. it means two things happened together, so eliminate D.

lainemai · 发表于 2014-9-7 16:41:54

T-9-Q24. 987-304
For many people, household labor remains demanding even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle.

A. evenif able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle
B. despitebeing able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find amiracle
C. evenif they can afford household appliances their grandparents would have foundmiraculous
D. althoughthey could afford household appliances their grandparents would find miraculous
E. even if they are able toafford household appliances which would have been a miracle to theirgrandparents

不知道为什么选c我选了a

这道题…LZ不觉得even if 后面缺少了主语么？！！！！even if 后面没有主语，谁知道动作的发出者是谁？

lainemai · 发表于 2014-9-7 17:07:56

第三道我所看的备考心经里也有，但是我也是一直在AC之间徘徊，查了一下网，这道题争议挺大，我只能静静退下等待大牛解答：

Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
(A) that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
(B) of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(C) by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(D) by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity
(E) by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_SC/thread-722241-1.html

再提个问题，到底应该是 ”A derives from B” 还是 ”A is derived from B” ? 如果你没有把握住active/passive voice的本质，你会觉得“这好像是idiom的问题吧”“这需要记忆吧，真头疼”…这样的想法，就是outside-in的思维。而运用the inside-out mindset，需要琢磨透的是GMAT的灵魂，而不是记住GMAT的外衣。所谓：衣衫易改，本性难移。
（这个问题参见alan的贴子http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-724323-1-1.html）

还有，可曾想过：有时候被动会产生歧义，改成主动就好了；而又有些时候主动会产生歧义，改成被动就好了. 世界真奇妙吧，你晕了么？这是摘自Manhattan SC Guide的两个句子，曾经和饭饭mm、路飞斑斑等讨论过的问题：
1. 被动会产生歧义，改成主动就好了
The dealer was asked to sell a paining by Picasso.
2. 主动会产生歧义，改成被动就好了
The council granted the right to make legal petition to city official.

请读这两个句子思考：这又是为什么呢？不同的语态能产生歧义的本质是什么呢？

我个人理解：歧义的根源在于介词。被动语态需要的介词by，可能在句子中搭配成别的意思(a painting by Picasso)。而grant sth. to sb.这样的主动语态所需要的介词to，也可能会产生别的搭配(petition to city official)。这样的歧义，就是字面上产生多种合乎逻辑的解读。所以下次当我遇到”by …”这样的被动语态时，我会想想：是否by会产生歧义解读呢？——比如说上面那道题(“Research during the past several decades on the nature of language…”).

lainemai · 发表于 2014-9-7 17:17:36

T-9-Q29. 987-637
Several studies have found that the coronarypatients who exercise most actively have half or less than half the chanceof dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary.
A. havehalf or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who aresedentary
B. havehalf the chance, or less, of dying of a heart attack than those who aresedentary do
C. havehalf the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those whoare sedentary do
D. areat least fifty percent less likely to die of a heart attack as those who aresedentary
E. areat least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of aheart attack

这题我觉得每个选项都是错都的～～～e后面those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack有歧义
ABhave这用法不对，和后面的are不一致,C是一个从句，有点redundant，less likely后面本来就是要有than的，D错

邹醒醒 · 发表于 2014-9-8 02:25:04

lainemai 发表于 2014-9-7 16:38
T-9-Q13. 987-184
Building large new hospitals in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of ...

Got it !!!感恩大神！！！

邹醒醒 · 发表于 2014-9-8 02:36:12

lainemai 发表于 2014-9-7 17:07
第三道我所看的备考心经里也有，但是我也是一直在AC之间徘徊，查了一下网，这道题争议挺大，我只能静静退下 ...

好晕啊～～

邹醒醒 · 发表于 2014-9-8 02:48:59

lainemai 发表于 2014-9-7 17:17
T-9-Q29. 987-637
Several studies have found that the coronarypatients who exercise most actively hav ...

懂了～haha。

大神，看看这题吧～
GWD3-Q39:
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.
A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,
C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they
D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they

我觉得应该选d吧～可是答案是a？～～好混乱～？d的修饰有错嘛？难道compared 会修饰passager？谢谢！

lainemai · 发表于 2014-9-8 07:44:55

题目释义：Minivans carry…and, [compared with…, cost…, get…, allow…, and have….]
         ...V1 and，插入状语，V2...
考点：
平行结构（parallelism）逻辑意思（logical prediction）
按照逻辑意思可以发现，动作carry和后面几个动作并不平行。这个句子的逻辑关系是，“Carry”这个动作没有参加“compared”，而是自成一个层次，而另外四个动词是“compared”的项目，它们另外组成了一连串的动词平行结构。故而A中的第一个“and”是必要的。

选项分析：
A.       Correct；carry和后面的四个动作是大平行，cost，get，allow and have是小平行；and后面省略了主语。
B.       Minivan和they双重主语，错误；compared with修饰对象成了前面的定语从句。
C.       Run-on sentence，两套主谓宾结构；打破了原来逻辑含义合理的各动词平行结构。
D.       曾经的争议选项；compared with结构有修饰前面的carrying as many as seven passengers的歧义，dangling modifier。
E.       前半个分句有两个主语Minivans和the cost；Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers成了悬垂结构；打破了原先逻辑含义合理的各动词平行结构。

[SC悬赏令] GWD 语法题疑问～～～

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