几题比较 求证分词到底修饰谁？？？

1·过去分词：无论之前有没有逗号都就近修饰名词。

2·现在分词：
I·分词前无逗号：就近修饰名词；

II·分此前有逗号：看看这个比较经典的解释应该会明白。
the "comma + ing" modifiershould only be used when:
(A)
it MODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of thepreceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THE SUBJECT of that clause;

AND

(B)
one of the following is true:
(1) the "ing" action isSIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action;
- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my armswildly
(2) the "ing" action is a DIRECTAND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the main action.
- i got a 100 on the most recent exam,bringing my average up to 91


其实，总的来说有两种观点：a prep笔记上说逗号加现在分词的形式从来没有失去修饰名词的功能，只是在出现时要首先应是做状语的功能，其次，才是修饰名词的功能 b逗号加现在分词，如果使用正确的话，都是做状语的功能

其实上面两种观点不矛盾，看下面两个例子：
（1）In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, 【absorbing】 the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
（2）For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, 【protecting】 warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

这两个句子当中的absorbing和protecting我们会认为是分别修饰buffer和equipment的，但其实，两者也都可以理解为结果状语。分别满足上面的A和B（2）。