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自己觉得有点混乱 大家给点意见哈。

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发表于 2012-3-13 14:54:26 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
1.     "A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys providesclues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels ofstimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as anencounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up totwice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increasedactivity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also producerelatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as thereturn of a parent after an absence). The study also found that duringpregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than didthose who had had several offspring."

Write a response in which you discuss oneor more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation andexplain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presentedin the argument

The statement comes to the conclusion thatthe birth order will effect on an individual’s level of stimulation. To justifythis conclusion, the author pointed out that, according to the research, thefirstborn infant monkeys have higher activity levels than their youngersiblings due to the larger amount of hormone cortisol they produced whichenables the body for increased activity levels. Besides, he also added in evidenceabout human being, which also came to the conclusion that the firstborn babyproduces higher level of cortisol in stimulating situations. Finally, theauthor points out the first-time mother monkeys have higher level of cortisolthan those who had had several offspring. However, close scrutiny of thisargument reveals that it is unconvincing in several aspects.

First of all, the report must be provedreliable before I can accept any conclusion the author arrives at based on it. However,the author demonstrated inadequate data or statistics to support the argumentthat the first born monkey has higher cortisol and thus have higher activitylevel. There was no mention whether the eighteen monkeys are firstborn monkeysor not; there was no specific compare and contrast of the amount of cortiolthat the first-born monkeys have and that of their younger siblings. Besides,sound data is absent to prove the relevance between the amount of cortisol andactivity level. Therefore, in order to make his argument more cogent, theauthor needs to provide more sound information and data about both theparticipants of the research—that eighteen monkeys and the study itself; and todemonstrate the relevance between cortisol and activity level more clearly.

In addition, the mentioning of firstbornhuman as evidence does not effectively contribute to the conclusion he wants toarrive at because he failed to illustrate the reliability and validity aboutthis evidence and fail to demonstrate the relevance between it and the monkeyresearch mentioned previously. The author did not mention from where and how hegot the conclusion that firstborn human produce higher cortiol. Besides, hetried to make the connection between this evidence and his conclusion in vain. Therefore,in order to make his argument more convincing, the author needs to show us fromwhere and how he comes to the conclusion that firstborn human produce highercortiol and how this connects to the conclusion he got from the monkey study.

Finally, the author also fails to prove thereliability and validity of the last evidence which is about the pregnantmonkeys; and he tried to demonstrate the connection between the evidence andhis conclusion in vain. Again, he shows zero data or statistics to prove thatfirst-time pregnant monkeys have higher level of cortiol. Furthermore, he didnot explain how he comes to his conclusion by using this evidence; theconnection is not clear. Hence, in order to make his argument more persuasive, theauthor has to show some data to prove that the first-time pregnant monkeys havemore cortiol and how this will influence their babies.
In conclusion,the author’s conclusion is invalid and misleading. To make it logically acceptable,the author should provide adequate information about the study as well as theparticipants of the study—the eighteen monkeys. Besides, he needs to clarify howand from where he got the view that human being has the same characteristics andhow it connects to his final conclusion. Ultimately, he needs to provereliability and validity of the statement about the first-time pregnant monkeyand explain the connection between it and his final conclusion.
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