As 作为连词,意思是“和。。。一样”“正如”,用于比较。 As 还可以做副词(修饰形容词),意思是“同样地”“一样" As还可以做介词,意思是“作为”,或者“和。。。一样”(这种情况下同like,但like一般置于句首) 例1:He works as a farmer. (介词,“作为”) 例2:he is as old as me (第一个副词,修饰old;第二个as个人认为是介词,后加宾语me) 例3:he is as old as I am. (第二个毫无疑问是连词)
个人总结的语法规律就是: 如果As做连词引导从句用于比较,as两边句子的结构必须一致。 如例3中的he is <--> I am ,又如 A do, as B do, A will, as B did ten years ago , 以及OG11中的73, as it was of earlier generations. (能省略的只有the goals, it 和was都不能省略,OG解释同样强调了这一点)
从此引申开来,the sam A as B 句式中,A 和B的架构也必须一致。如 OG12, the same “to them” as “ to established big business” OG54, the same “to someone” as “ to a person” OG 109, the same “for jobs….” as “for jobs….”
但是,还有唯一的特例, 当被比较的成分仅仅是句子的主语时,也就是说其它的内容(包括谓语,宾语,状语等)完全相同,这时候可以把as当作介词来用,实现最大程度的省略。 如上例2,或者he is at the same age as me. 个人认为这就很好的解释了OG-80为什么可以用 at the same time as the civilizations,而不是at the same time as did the civilizations. (不然很难解释as做连词时到底什么时候可以省略而什么时候不可以省略)
此外,还有常见的 as that for …,也属于这种情况。 (没有来得及找例子,请大家补充,如果that指代的内容在前句是主语,则印证了这种说法,否则请大牛指点,为什么OG173不能用, as that for earlier generations?)
再延伸一下, OG-174, 下面的几种说法就是正确的, A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published, ……(中间不加be动词,和前文一致) 或者A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published, …… 在这里用that而不是as更好,因为本身前文就不构成一个句子,而是一个短语(主语成分)。
如果单独组句的话,下句也是对的, A letter by Mark Twain was written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published. 但是不推荐A letter by Mark Twain was written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published.,因为既然是句子,最好照顾到 the same… as … 的固定搭配。
以上总结妥否,请指教。 (faint, it took me 5 hours working on this!!! hope it's of information to you.....)
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-16 20:23:26编辑过] |