[分享]所有错误总结+举例

今天看新东方作文笔记，每个罪里列出一大堆小罪，看的直迷糊，更别提背了

于是把所有内容整理了下并在每个小罪后列出例子，便于理解

希望对大家有用

主要错误：充分必要，因果，比较

一、调查类问题

1．特殊对一般：Healthy Heart fitness center built an indoor pool.Since usage did not increase significantly,it appears that health club managers should adopt another approach

2．一般对特殊：the population of our country is growing increasingly older.For example,the residents of one of(特殊) our more polulated regions are now at least 65 years old

3．暂时对永久：见五

4．数字变化皆相对：our country is growing increasingly(相对，降到什么程度？)

5．报喜不报忧：seventye percent(忧：30%人还没涨工资) of the state’s workers have had increases in their wages.

6．问题不合理： current survey results show that the most effective way to improve overall productivity at Dell is to allow each employee to choose for himself or herself either a four day or five day work  week.(其他选项未提供)

7．回答不虔诚：Among Dell employees participating in our department’s most recent survey内部调查存在坦诚问题,about half indicated that they are happy with our current four day work week

二、充分条件与必要条件

1．充分性：有它就足够，反驳：只有它还不行。To succeed financially,Zapped needs greater name recognition.(还有其他原因)

2.必要性：没它不行，反驳：没它也行。Because these buildings were erected decades ago,the have historic significance and must therefore be preserved as economic assets in the effort to revitalize a restored riverfront area.其他因素也可复苏经济

三、因果关系

1．前非因，后非果：

2．同时发生无因果：a.In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of SP,the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased.只是同时发生，并无因果关系

b.As violence in movies increases, so do crime rates in our cities.

3．因果倒置：Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel.During the past tow years,tourism in OV has increased.未必是重建导致游客多，也许是因为游客多了，才建的。

四、范围变化错误

1．差异概念：偷换概念。由高中毕业生进大学比率上升=》教学质量提升。教学质量不仅指上大学，还指进大学后的表现，到社会的贡献

2．范围变大：特殊对一般。见一

3．范围缩小：一般对特殊。见一

五、外推错误：（暂时对永久）

1．过去状况在现在和将来都不会变。Mental health experts have observed that…..Consequently,graduates from our degree program for music therapists should have no trouble finding good positions.假设以后也有足够的工作

2．现在的状况在将来不变。现在某行业表现好，所以此行业将是个值得投资的行业。

六、比较类错误

1．错误类比。生产更有效率，节约=》成本会降低。也许节约的钱用于扩大规模，引进新技术，所以不一定降低

2．非完整比较或选择性比较：比较标准问题。25个大学的语言测试比较。不能比，参加人数，考试内容不同

七、非此即彼错误

将复杂问题的解决途径简化为非此即彼的两种，为发现第三种。

感谢分享！