lsat-4-3-18,19

Questions 18-19

Dr. Schilling: Those who advocate replacing my country's private health insurance system with nationalized health insurance because of the rising costs of medical care fail to consider the high human costs that consumers pay in countries with nationalized insurance: access to high-technology medicine is restricted. Kidney transplants and open-heart surgery-rationed. People are denied their right to treatments they want and need.

Dr. Laforte: Your country's reliance on private health insurance denies access even to basic, conventional medicine to the many people who cannot afford adequate health coverage. With nationalized insurance, rich and poor have equal access to life-saving medical procedures. And people's right to decent medical treatment regardless of income is not violated.

18. Dr. Schilling's and Dr. Laforte's statements provide the most support for holding that they would disagree about the truth of which one of the following?

(A) People's rights are violated less when they are denied an available medical treatment they need because they lack the means to pay for it than when they are denied such treatment on noneconomic grounds.

(B) Where health insurance is provided by private insurance companies, people who are wealthy generally receive better health care than do people who are unable to afford health insurance.

(C) In countries that rely primarily on private health insurance to pay for medical costs, most people who would benefit from a kidney transplant receive one.

(D) In countries with nationalized health insurance, no one who needs a familiar medical treatment in order to stay alive is denied that treatment.

(E) Anyone who wants a particular medical treatment has a right to receive that treatment.

答案：A

19. In responding to Dr. Schillihng, Dr. Laforte employs which one of the following argumentative strategies?

(A) showing that the objections raised by Dr. Schilling have no bearing on the question of which of the two systems under consideration is the superior system.

(B) Calling into question Dr. Schilling's status as an authority on the issue of whether consumers' access to medical treatments is restricted in countries with nationalized health insurance.

(C) Producing counterexamples to Dr. Schilling's claims that nationalized health insurance schemes extract high human costs from consumers.

(D) Demonstrating that Dr. Schilling's reasoning is persuasive only because of his ambiguous use of the key word "consumer".

(E) Showing that the force of Dr. Schilling's criticism depends on construing the key notion of access in a particular limited way

答案：E

NN们，这道题不明白。能否讲解一下解题的思考过程？特别是对正确答案的意思都不明白。

多谢！！

S的观点是，在公共保险的国家，高科技手术因为high human costs而被denied。

L的观点是，私人保险使得很多人连基本的病都看不起，原因也是没钱。cannot afford adequate health coverage

两者观点共同点是：无论公共还是私人保险，没钱是看不成病的重要原因。因此18题的A说，由于没钱造成人们权利被侵害比非经济因素更严重。这显然是S、L都不赞成的。

19题E中有关键词：access\particular\limited

意思就是说，S把论证的力量限制在了一个特定狭隘的范围内，也就是只考虑了高科技保险，没考虑L所说的basic