讨论：by doing与by n.的比较，异常的困惑

weirui5621 · 发表于 2010-5-9 22:13:04

关于by doing和by n.的用法，在这里真的有必要弄清楚。

先说下吧，通常来说by doing表示动作，by n.表示状态，这是大家都公认的，不过光凭这一点是很难做出判断的，下面3个PREP的例子就是我想探讨的问题。

177.(24315-!-item-!-188;#058&000969)
In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing
A. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing
B. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitating and practicing
C. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice
D. exhibit the kind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice
E. exhibit the kind of curiosity where new patterns of behavior and expression are passed on to others by imitation and practice

这题选D，DB之间的区别就在于by doing 和 by n.。prep给出的解释是逻辑主语的问题，不可能新的patterns做imitating and practicing的逻辑主语。

刚开始看到的时候我很认同，不过当我遇到这两个题目的时候我就开始困惑了

105.(30121-!-item-!-188;#058&004107)
Even though it was not illegal for the bank to share its customers' personal and financial information with an outside marketing company in return for a commission on sales, the state's attorney general accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep records private.
(A) by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep
(B) by its failure of honoring its promise to its customers to keep
(C) in its failing to honor its promise to its customers of keeping
(D) because of its failure in honoring its promise to its customers in keeping
(E) because of its failure to honor its promise to its customers of keeping

本题选A，可是，如果by failing的逻辑主语是attorney的话，那不是有非常大的问题吗，怎么看逻辑主语都是bank才对啊。这样看来failure反而很好的避免了逻辑主语指代的问题。PREP给的解释是failure没有failing简洁。还有一题

64.(27882-!-item-!-188;#058&003676)
The majority of scientists believe that to reduce and stabilize atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, emissions must be cut at the source by fossil fuels that are burned more efficiently and, in some cases, by alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells that can replace fossil fuels altogether.
(A) fossil fuels that are burned more efficiently and, in some cases, by alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells that can replace fossil fuels altogether
(B) fossil fuels that are burned more efficiently and, in some cases, those that are replaced altogether with alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells
(C) burning fossil fuels more efficiently and, in some cases, by replacing fossil fuels altogether with alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells
(D) more efficiency in the burning of fossil fuels and, in some cases, by alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells that can replace fossil fuels altogether
(E) the more efficient burning of fossil fuels and, in some cases, by fossil fuels that are replaced altogether with alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells
C无疑是最佳选项，可是问题又来了，by burning... by replacing...他们的逻辑主语竟然是emissions，怎么想都应该是人或者是车才对

例子就放在这里，是昨天amygmat让我找出来的，希望能讨论出个结果来！！！

weirui5621 · 发表于 2010-5-9 22:19:33

系统部稳定吗？最后一个例子出了两边

另外补充下，我曾经看见过某位CDer问我们的斑竹AlienX关于by 和through的用法，出处我记不住了，不过问题到是记得很清楚：by + doing和 through+n.都是gmat的习惯用法吗？当时斑竹是肯定这一观点的

AmyGMAT · 发表于 2010-5-9 22:20:04

我纠结了~原来后面那两个都做对了，所以很自然第一题也选了by doing，没想到半路杀出来个逻辑主语的问题...
lz我帮不了你啦
不过偶帮你顶~~

kissxkiss · 发表于 2010-5-9 23:21:26

105这道题,我也困惑过
不过,我想的是,如果BY DOING修饰的是前面主谓结构,逻辑主语是attorney,那ITS就会有指代歧义吧,可能指代到attorney上.所以从ITS逻辑指代判断,BY DOING也只可能修饰后面BANK

64的话,那是个被动,EMISSION不会是逻辑主语吧

AmyGMAT · 发表于 2010-5-9 23:44:36

105这道题,我也困惑过
不过,我想的是,如果BY DOING修饰的是前面主谓结构,逻辑主语是attorney,那ITS就会有指代歧义吧,可能指代到attorney上.所以从ITS逻辑指代判断,BY DOING也只可能修饰后面BANK

64的话,那是个被动,EMISSION不会是逻辑主语吧

-- by 会员 kissxkiss (2010/5/9 23:21:26)

new pattern也是被动啊

kissxkiss · 发表于 2010-5-10 00:03:43

105这道题,我也困惑过
不过,我想的是,如果BY DOING修饰的是前面主谓结构,逻辑主语是attorney,那ITS就会有指代歧义吧,可能指代到attorney上.所以从ITS逻辑指代判断,BY DOING也只可能修饰后面BANK

64的话,那是个被动,EMISSION不会是逻辑主语吧

-- by 会员 kissxkiss (2010/5/9 23:21:26)

new pattern也是被动啊

-- by 会员 AmyGMAT (2010/5/9 23:44:36)

BY WHICH.....后面又来个BY,这是啥意思
第二个BY是修饰EXHIBIT吧?

kissxkiss · 发表于 2010-5-10 00:08:53

我的理解是
第二个BY修饰EXHIBIT
如果B的话,BY完全可能变成修饰new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed
而PREP注解大概就是这意思,但又表达错了,说成逻辑主语了

weirui5621 · 发表于 2010-5-10 21:37:51

我的理解是
第二个BY修饰EXHIBIT
如果B的话,BY完全可能变成修饰new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed
而PREP注解大概就是这意思,但又表达错了,说成逻辑主语了

-- by 会员 kissxkiss (2010/5/10 0:08:53)

虽然楼上对这题的理解提供了一种新的思路，不过我认为还是有很大问题的。

先说by which, which指代curiosity即by curiosity说明是在这种好奇心的驱动下。

之后楼上说第二个by 是修饰exhibit，我认为这里有问题，既然如此，为什么不就近修饰，写成exhibit the kind of curiosity , by imitation and practise, by which...而要把句子放在句末。

这里再次困惑，如果这里可以用逻辑主语来解释，那下面连个题目为什么不行？

AmyGMAT · 发表于 2010-5-10 21:56:51

顶上来 HELP~

kissxkiss · 发表于 2010-5-10 22:54:48

我的理解是
第二个BY修饰EXHIBIT
如果B的话,BY完全可能变成修饰new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed
而PREP注解大概就是这意思,但又表达错了,说成逻辑主语了

-- by 会员 kissxkiss (2010/5/10 0:08:53)

虽然楼上对这题的理解提供了一种新的思路，不过我认为还是有很大问题的。

先说by which, which指代curiosity即by curiosity说明是在这种好奇心的驱动下。

之后楼上说第二个by 是修饰exhibit，我认为这里有问题，既然如此，为什么不就近修饰，写成exhibit the kind of curiosity , by imitation and practise, by which...而要把句子放在句末。

这里再次困惑，如果这里可以用逻辑主语来解释，那下面连个题目为什么不行？

-- by 会员 weirui5621 (2010/5/10 21:37:51)

首先,我觉得用逻辑主语这词,不正确吧.即然是被动,那个名词不会成为逻辑主语.
比如,emissions must be cut by burning fossil fuels more efficiently.
burning逻辑主语应该是工厂或其他,emission怎么会主动去burning呢?这应该不是逻辑主语问题,而是修饰问题,PREP这么写,我觉得很费解.至少我是这样理解.毕竟逻辑主语,是动作发出者

其次,从第一题来看,从语意来讲,咱先不管BY WHICH那个从句.
黑惺惺通过I和P,来表达好奇心的类别.(俺不杂行,翻译的真拗口,译义的话,就是通过I和P这种形式,来传达不同种类的好奇心).
不过,用B的理解,好象也能说得通.这点我也没搞明白.
(如果我做这题,首先那个WILL就让人很不爽)
望大牛来解答.

关于为什么不用你说的.exhibit......,by(1)......,by(2).....
PREP有写,如果BY(2)要跳跃修饰前面的名词,by(1)部分应该为一个插入语,那如果它成了插入语,这部分应该在全文中做何理解,不可能做为PROVED THAT后面从句的插入语吧,而是成为了JG collected data...整句话的插入语.如果去掉by(1)逗号,BY WHICH不就错误指代了I和P

讨论：by doing与by n.的比较，异常的困惑

所属分类: 下线版块

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()