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.法国二月革命（原题）In February 1848 the people of Paris
rose in revolt against theconstitutional monarchy (constitutionalmonarchy: n.君主立宪政体) of Louis-Philippe.Despite the existence of excellent narrative accounts, the February Days, asthis revolt is called, have been largely ignored by social historians of thepast two decades. For each of the three other major insurrections innineteenth-century Paris—July 1830, June 1848, and May 1871—there exists atleast a sketch of participants’ backgrounds and an analysis, more or lessrigorous, of the reasons for the occurrence of the uprisings. Only in the caseof (in the case of: adv.在...的情况) the FebruaryRevolution do we lack a useful description of participants that mightcharacterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about theprocess of revolutionary mobilization.Tworeasons for this relative neglect seem obvious. First, the insurrection ofFebruary has been overshadowed by that of June. The February Revolutionoverthrew a regime, to be sure, but met with so little resistance that itfailed to generate any real sense of historical drama. Its successor, on the otherhand, appeared to pit key socioeconomic groups in a life-or-death struggle andwas widely seen by contemporary observers as marking a historical departure.Through their interpretations, which exert a continuing influence on ourunderstanding of the revolutionary process, the impact of the events of Junehas been magnified, while, as an unintended consequence, the significance ofthe February insurrection has been diminished. Second, like other “successful”insurrections, the events of February failed to generate the most desirablekinds of historical records. Although the June insurrection of 1848 and theParis Commune of 1871 would be considered watersheds of nineteenth-centuryFrench history by any standard, they also present the social historian with asignal advantage: these failed insurrections created a mass of (a mass of: adj.大量的)invaluable documentation as a by-product of authorities’ efforts to search out (search out: v.寻找到) andpunish the rebels.
Quitedifferent is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830and February 1848. Experiences are retold, but participants typically resumetheir daily routines without ever recording their activities. Those who playedsalient roles may become the objects of highly embellished verbal accounts orin rare cases, of celebratory articles in contemporary periodicals. And it istrue that the publicly acknowledged leaders of an uprising frequently writememoirs. However, such documents are likely to be highly unreliable,unrepresentative, and unsystematically preserved, especially when compared tothe detailed judicial dossiers prepared for everyone arrested following afailed insurrection. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible toestablish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy pictureof those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one mightpose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.
17. According to thepassage, “a useful description of participants” (lines 11-12) exists for whichof the following insurrections of nineteenth-century France?
I. TheJuly Insurrection of 1830
II. TheFebruary Revolution of 1848
III. TheJune insurrection of 1848
IV. TheMay insurrection of 1871
(A) I and III only
(B) II and IV only
(C) I, II, and III only
(D) I, III, and IV only（D）
(E) II, III, and IV only
18. It can beinferred from the passage that support for the objectives of the FebruaryRevolution was
(A) negligible
(B) misguided
(C) fanatical
(D) spontaneous（E）
(E) widespread
19. Which of thefollowing, best describes the organization of the second paragraph?（A不对，因为至少不能说是Thethesis of the passage，最多也只能算是The thesis ofthe PARAGRAPH）
(A) The thesis of the passage is stated and supporting evidencesystematically presented.
(B) Two views regarding the thesis presented in the firstparagraph are compared and contrasted.
(C) Evidence refuting the thesis presented in the first paragraphis systematically presented.
(D) The thesis presented in the first paragraph is systematicallysupported.（D）
(E) The thesis presented in the first paragraph is further definedand a conclusion drawn.
20. It can beinferred from the passage that the author considers which of the followingessential for understanding a revolutionary mobilization?
(A) A comprehensive theory of revolution that can be applied tothe major insurrections of the nineteenth century
(B) Awareness of the events necessary for a revolution to besuccessful
(C) Access to narratives and memoirs written by eyewitnesses of agiven revolution
(D) The historical perspective provided by the passage of aconsiderable amount of time（E）
(E) Knowledge of the socioeconomic backgrounds of a revolution’sparticipants
21. Which of thefollowing can be inferred about the “detailed judicial dossiers” referred to inline 49?
(A) Information contained in the dossiers sheds light on thesocial origins of a revolution’s participants.
(B) The dossiers closely resemble the narratives written by therevolution’s leaders in their personal memoirs.
(C) The information that such dossiers contain is untrustworthyand unrepresentative of a revolution’s participants.
(D) Social historians prefer to avoid such dossiers wheneverpossible because they are excessively detailed.（A）
(E) The February Revolution of 1848 produced more of thesedossiers than did the June insurrection.
22. Which of thefollowing is the most logical objection to the claim made in lines 38-39?
(A) The February Revolution of 1848 is much less significant thanthe July insurrection of 1830.
(B) The backgrounds and motivations of participants in the Julyinsurrection of 1830 have been identified, however cursorily.
(C) Even less is known about the July insurrection of 1830 thanabout the February Revolution of 1848.
(D) Historical records made during the July insurrection of 1830are less reliable than those made during the May insurrection of 1871.（B）
(E) The importance of the July insurrection of 1830 has beenmagnified at the expense of the significance of the February Revolution of1848.
23. With which ofthe following statements regarding revolution would the author most likelyagree?
(A) Revolutionary mobilization requires a great deal of planningby people representing disaffected groups.
(B) The objectives of the February Revolution were more radicalthan those of the June insurrection.
(C) The process of revolutionary mobilization varies greatly fromone revolution to the next.
(D) Revolutions vary greatly in the usefulness of the historicalrecords that they produce.（D）
(E) As knowledge of the February Revolution increases, chances aregood that its importance will eventually eclipse that of the June insurrection. |
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发表于 2012-11-29 15:03:14
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