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33 美国心理协会观点： 电视暴力的影响
A 1993 report by the American Psychological Association stated:
1. Viewing violence increases fear of becoming a victim of violence, with an increase in self-protective behavior and an increase in mistrust.
2. Viewing violence increases desensitization to violence, resulting in callused attitudes toward violence.
3. Violent programming increases the viewers appetite for becoming involved or exposing themselves to violence.
第十一大类 环保类
1 环保论的概念
Environmentalism is a concern for the preservation, restoration, or improvement of the natural environment, such as the conservation of natural resources, prevention of pollution, and certain land use actions. It often supports the struggles of indigenous peoples against the spread of globalization to their way of life, which is seen as less harmful to the environment. The study of practical environmentalism is split into two positions: the mainstream “anthropocentric” or hierarchic, and the more radical “ecocentric” or egalitarian.
2 技术对环境的影响既明显又细微
The effects of technology on the environment are both obvious and subtle. The more obvious effects include the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources （such as petroleum, coal, ores）, and the added pollution of air, water, and land. The more subtle effects include debates over long-term effects （e.g., global warming, deforestation, natural habitat destruction and coastal wetland loss）.
Each wave of technology creates a set of waste previously unknown by humans: toxic waste, radioactive waste, electronic waste.
One of the main problems is the lack of an effective way to remove these pollutants on a large scale expediently. In nature, organisms “recycle” the wastes of other organisms, for example, plants produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, oxygen-breathing organisms use oxygen to metabolize food, producing carbon dioxide as a by-product, which plants use in a process to make sugar, with oxygen as a waste in the first place. No such mechanism exists for the removal of technological wastes.
Humanity at the moment may be compared to a colony of bacteria in a Petri dish with a constant food supply: with no way to remove the wastes of their metabolism, the bacteria eventually poison themselves. |
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发表于 2012-1-5 09:06:21
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