3 LR question - 在线等回复啊!

1. Biologists have noted reproductive abnormalities in fish
that are immediately downstream of paper mills. One
possible cause is dioxin, which paper mills release
daily and which can alter the concentration of
hormones in fish. However, dioxin is unlikely to be the
cause, since the fish recover normal hormone
concentrations relatively quickly during occasional mill
shutdowns and dioxin decomposes very slowly in the
environment.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
seriously weakens the argument?
(A) Some of the studies that show that fish recover
quickly during shutdowns were funded by
paper manufacturers.
(B) The rate at which dioxin decomposes varies
depending on the conditions to which it is
exposed.
(C) Normal river currents carry the dioxin present in
the river far downstream in a few hours.
(D) Some of the fish did not recover rapidly from
the physiological changes that were induced by
the changes in hormone concentrations.
(E) The connection between hormone concentrations
and reproductive abnormalities is not
thoroughly understood.

2. Decentralization enables divisions of a large institution
to function autonomously. This always permits more
realistic planning and strongly encourages innovation,
since the people responsible for decision making are
directly involved in implementing the policies they
design. Decentralization also permits the central
administration to focus on institution-wide issues
without being overwhelmed by the details of daily
operations.
The statements above most strongly support which one
of the following?
(A) In large institutions whose divisions do not
function autonomously, planning is not
maximally realistic.
(B) Innovation is not always encouraged in large
centralized institutions.
(C) For large institutions the advantages of
decentralization outweigh its disadvantages.
(D) The central administrations of large institutions
are usually partially responsible for most of the
details of daily operations.
(E) The people directly involved in implementing
policies are always able to make innovative
and realistic policy decisions.

Polling data reveal that an overwhelming majority of
nine-year-olds can correctly identify the logos of major
cigarette brands. However, of those nine-year-olds who
recognize such logos, less than 1 percent smoke.
Therefore, there is little or no connection between
recognition of cigarette brand logos and smoking.
Which one of the following uses flawed reasoning most
similar to the flawed reasoning above?
(A) The concern about the long-term effect on
dolphins of small quantities of mercury in the
ocean is unfounded. During a three-month
observation period, 1,000 dolphins were
exposed to small quantities of mercury in
seawater, with no effect on the animals.
(B) Many ten-year-olds dream of becoming actors.
Yet it is not likely they will seriously consider
becoming actors, because most parents
discourage their children from pursuing such a
highly competitive career.
(C) Most dentists recommend using fluoride to
reduce the incidence of cavities, but few
recommend giving up candy entirely; so, using
fluoride is probably more effective in
preventing cavities than is avoiding sweets.
(D) A large percentage of men exercise moderately
throughout their lives, but the average life span
of those who do so is not significantly greater
than of those who get little or no exercise. So
there is little or no correlation between
moderate exercise and good health.
(E) Most people cannot name their legislative
representatives. Nonetheless, this is
insignificant, for when queried, most of them
displayed an adequate command of current
political issues.

THANKS!

1.E

2.A

3.A