00.10
阅读5题:文中也没有提到 make weapons 阿
Questions 1-10
One area of paleoanthropological paleoanthropology
[7pAliEu7AnWrE5pClEdVi]
n.
古人类学 study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids hominid [简明英汉词典]
n.原始人类, erect erect [简明英汉词典]
adj.直立的, 竖立的, 笔直的
vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立, 树立, 建立
vi.[生理]勃起
bipedal bipedal [简明英汉词典]
n.两足动物
adj.两足动物的primates—including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began
to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it
Line was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a
(5) fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth hearth [简明英汉词典]
n.壁炉地面, 炉边, 家庭(生活), 炉膛
is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals mammals [简明英汉词典]
哺乳动物. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice
contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools,
(10) surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological
theories, and advances in comparative primatology primatology [简明英汉词典]
n.灵长类动物学
are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.
One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens specimen [简明英汉词典]
n.范例, 标本, 样品, 样本, 待试验物 as closely as possible
(15) and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically microscopical [简明英汉词典]
adj.显微镜的, 精微的 distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly
(20) nutritious food—meat and marrow-from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman
(25) primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.