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大家好，周三经管来了。
今天的速度文章中Time1、2是一篇、Time3、4是一篇、Time5和剩下的是一篇。
最近某国和某省的摩擦问题是个大热门，所以在介绍了某国的经济之后，又放了一篇介绍经济制裁的文章。希望大家喜欢。
关于越障，大家普遍反映上次越障难度和内容是合适的，就是文章长度有点短。这次狠狠心直接放了1000+字数的节选内容。为了不影响阅读计时什么的，我把文章提到的图表都放到了文章最后。心动又找了篇好论文下次给童鞋们看，这篇文章就在今天结束掉吧。我把原文放在附件里，有兴趣的童鞋可以自行下载。
P.S. 在发帖的时候碰到了点技术问题，非常感谢意轩和猴哥的帮助，你们是大好人
再P.S. 早上Yingjie提醒我Time 1、2中出现了笑脸，我检查了一下，是“S""&""p(大写的)"三个字符没有空格放在一起就会出现“S”和一个笑脸，所以我把这个专有名词中的“P”改为了小写的“p”，变成“S&p”。提醒大家在写回忆的时候注意这一点哦，感谢Yingjie的提醒，Yingjie大好人。
[Time 1]
Asia’s Rising Economic Star: The Philippines?
The Philippines continued a strong 2013 this week when Standard & Poor’s (S&p) raised its credit rating for the country. This upgrade was significant for two reasons.
Firstly, Standard & Poor’s upgrade, from BB+ to BBB-, means that the financial services company now considers the country and its debt to be “investment” grade. The “stable” outlook concurrently assigned to the rating suggests that Manila is continuing to do a good job in handling the country’s economy.
Secondly, the S&p upgrade follows a similar move by fellow “big 3” ratings agency Fitch at the end of March. Fitch also upgraded the country from a non-investment (sometimes called “speculative”) grade to the all-important “investment” grade of BBB-.
This second upgrade from S&p is therefore of particularly importance. With two out of the three major credit ratings agencies (the other being Moody’s) having assigned an “investment” grade rating to the Philippines, Manila’s bonds can now be included in key global investment funds which limit their exposure to investment grade government securities. Moody’s currently rates the Philippines’ debt at one notch below “investment” grade, so it is clear that this is close to becoming a consensus decision.
(193)
[Time 2]
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) last week raised its economic outlook for the country too, even as it cut its 2013 and 2014 growth forecasts for China, Taiwan, India, South Korea and Singapore.
Indeed,economic growth in the Philippines improved quite significantly since Benigno Aquino III was elected president in 2010. The economy expanded 6.6 percent last year, partly due to robust domestic demand and a rising stock market. The government deficit is being brought under control and, unlike many other emerging markets such as China, the Philippines’ boasts favorable demographic trends with a large working age population through 2050.
The resulting positivity and investment interest has caused the peso, the Filipino currency, to continue rising. Despite the risks that this may pose to exporters, so far the effect has been to temper inflation, as imports remain relatively cheap with the stronger currency. S&p’ s move reinforced this trend, and also caused yields on Philippine peso bonds to fall.
Not everything is rosy however. For instance, although workers are increasingly returning home, the economy still has an abnormal number of “remittance” workers abroad, which constituted about 8 percent of GDP last year. What’s more, in the same report mentioned above, the IMF warned that Manila will need to continue improving its institutions and invest more in infrastructure.
Despite these challenges, Fitch and now Standard and Poor’s positive outlook for the country has demonstrated that Aquino administration is on the right track with its “good governance is good economics” philosophy.
(247)
ARTICLE 2
Taiwan ready to impose economic sanctions on Philippines
[Time 3]
Just hours before the midnight deadline, Premier Jiang Yi-huah yesterday said that Taiwan is ready to introduce economic sanctions against the Philippines if it does not respond to demands regarding last week's shooting of a fisherman.
Freezing all new Philippine labour applicants — one of the measures — will be a blow to the Philippine economy, but Taiwan will not stop there, Jiang said. The government is prepared to levy economic sanctions on the Philippines, but Jiang added that it was unsuitable for him to reveal anything at this time.
According to officials, the premier yesterday ordered that if the Philippine government initiates any sort of press conference or issues a related statement before the ultimatum deadline, the Cabinet should halt all meetings and launch a responsive measure immediately.
The Cabinet reportedly held a meeting with the Ministry of Economic Affairs to discuss the possible consequences that economic sanctions could have on the Philippines, and how Taiwan might be affected.
“Although it is inevitable that Taiwan's economy would certainly be impacted, the consequences seem tolerable,” one Cabinet official said. “So, the Cabinet has decided to follow through with the sanctions if the Philippines does not respond (to the ultimatum).”
Projects to spur economic growth currently being drawn up by the Cabinet — such as loosening investment restrictions, exploring emerging markets and boosting domestic demand — do not conflict with possible sanctions on the Philippines, according to officials.
(233)
[Time 4]
The Cabinet stressed that it has fully discussed the terms of suspending all Philippine worker applicants with the Council of Labour Affairs (CLA).
“Taiwan's suspension would only apply to new applicants for now. We do not wish to damage the relations between the current Philippine workers and their employers. Taiwan will look for foreign labour forces from Thailand or Vietnam if the worst happens,” officials said.
CLA Minister Pan Shih-wei has confirmed that if the Philippines government had not responded by the Wednesday midnight deadline, the freeze would begin this morning.
“Hopefully the Philippine government will give us a positive response,” Pan said.
According to the CLA, roughly 2,000 labour applications from the Philippines have been lodged per month this year, with one-third applying to work as care givers, and the others for positions in factories and enterprises.
“Every country has its own responsive measures when dealing with such a tragedy, and we are ready,” Pan said, referring to the killing of fisherman Hung Shih-cheng.
Hung died when the Philippines' Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources opened fire on the boat after it crossed into overlapping waters between Taiwan and the Philippines.
A 72-hour ultimatum was issued by the Presidential Office on Saturday. In it, President Ma Ying-jeou demanded a formal apology, compensation to the family of the dead fisherman and the prosecution of those responsible for the killing.
(229)
ARTICLE 3
[Time 5]
About One-third of US Nurses Struggle to Find Work
About one-third of new nursing graduates in the United States are having trouble finding work.
Alexandra Bauernschub is finishing a Master's degree program at the University of Maryland. She has done well in the program, earning the highest great point average of GPA possible. But she is worried about finding a job in health care.
"I've applied for 35 different jobs and, despite having a 4.0 GPA [very high grades], I have not received any jobs, so it's really concerning."
Yet there is hope for nurses who completes studies at four-year schools or graduate level programs, they have an easier time finding a job in health care than nurses graduating from a two-year degree program.
Experts say there are fewer job openings than usual now because nurses in their 50s and 60s are delaying retirement. These workers are hoping to rebuild the savings they lost a few years ago during the financial crisis.
Jane Kirschling is head of the University of Maryland's nursing school.
"This economic downturn has created this tension, in terms of people staying in the workforce, right at the same time we have been working hard to increase the number of graduates to meet that growing health care need."
（202）
[The Rest]
The number of students entering nursing school has risen sharply in recent years. At the same time, the United States is preparing for the retirement of millions of baby boomers, that is the name given to Americans born between the end of World War II and the early 1960s. Hundreds of thousands of nurses are expected to retire just as people their age need more medical care.
Add to that, changes in health care laws and the demand for people to care for the sick and aged will grow even more. Health experts say if the economy improves, many older nurses will retire, which would create jobs for younger nurses and recent college graduates.
David Auerbach has studies nursing employment for the Rand Corporation. He spoke to VOA on skype. He said a drop of one percentage point in the unemployment rate might open 30,000 nursing jobs. "Right now, it is right about 7.6%, if we go down to maybe 5.5%, that suggests about 60,000 RNs [registered nurses] kind of opening up those spots and retiring."
And the University of Maryland's Jane Kirschling says nursing is a satisfying career with a bright future.
"The opportunities are going to continue to be very, very strong. We are just sitting in this window of time where the economy has played out, the boomers staying in the workforce."
And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. You can read and download our reports online at 51voa.com. I'm Mario Ritter.
SOURCE:http://www.51voa.com/VOA_Special_English/About-One-third-of-US-Nurses-Struggle-to-Find-Work-49848.html
[OBSTACLE] 4.2. Direct contribution to GDP
The standard method for calculating the direct contribution of an industry to GDP is to measure its so-called „value added‟ – that is, to calculate the difference between the industry‟s total pre-tax revenue and its total bought-in costs (ie costs excluding wages and salaries) adjusted for any changes in stocks.
On this basis, we estimate that, on a turnover of £3.4 billion, the core UK film industry contributed around £1.6 billion to UK GDP in 2009. This means that the core UK film industry contributed slightly more to GDP than, for example, the manufacture of office machinery and computers, and more than twice as much as the machine tools industry. Film also contributed three times as much to the economy as the designer fashion sector. Table 4-2 shows the composition of core UK film industry value added. In 2009, the production sector accounted for around 69% of total value added, with the distribution/exhibition sector accounting for the remaining 31%.
A separate report on the UK‟s facilities sector – which provides equipment and services to TV, film and other audio-visual industries – estimated that film accounted for just over £400 million (18%) of the sector‟s £2.2 billion total turnover in 2008. This would be included within our estimates of the UK‟s film production turnover.
Value added in the core UK film industry has increased on average by 9.8% per annum over the 1996-2009 period in current prices (Chart 4-3) or 7.1% in real (ie inflation-adjusted) terms (Chart 4-4). This is faster growth than recorded by the overall economy, with the direct contribution of the core UK film industry to GDP increasing substantially in real terms since 1996. The core UK film industry has shown repeatedly that despite some parts of the sector being vulnerable to downturns in the global economy, it has the ability to perform resiliently and demonstrate consistent growth – outstripping that seen in the UK economy as a whole (Chart 4.4). The industry recovered from the 2001 global downturn by growing at nearly 9% per annum between 2003 and 2007, and it reacted to a mixed year in 2008 by recording the second highest production spend on record in 2009, driven in particular by growth in the value of inward investment features.
Indeed, the trend in value added over time is driven to a significant extent by changes in the level of production spend in the UK. The high growth over the 1994-2003 period reflects an increase from a very low base of £242 million in 1994 to a peak of £1,130 million in 2003. Recent years have been more volatile, averaging around £800 million but falling as low as £582 million in 2005 (largely due, according to industry sources, to uncertainty over the future level of the Film Tax Relief) and £613 million in 2008 (due to a combination of a less favourable exchange rate and the impact of industrial action in the USA). But production recovered to £957 million in 2009 (see Chart 4-5).
The main cause of changes in UK production spend have been associated with inward investment productions12, which rose fourfold in value between 1994 and 2003. They then dropped sharply in 2004 and 2005 to a low of £307 million, before recovering to £595 million by 2007 but then falling again to just £357 million in 2008 on the back of an unfavourable exchange rate and the Hollywood actors‟ strike. Latest data show a very strong recovery in 2009 to more than £750 million, with inward productions now accounting for almost four-fifths of production activity in the UK.
4.3. Direct investment
Across the core UK film industry, fixed capital investment is estimated to have been £147 million in 2009 (Chart 4-6). A significant amount of investment is made in, for example, the development of studio locations and sets, the purchase of film equipment and computer systems, and in the building and refurbishment of cinema facilities.
Table 4-3 shows average investment in each sector of the core UK film industry since 2000. Investment per FTE employee on average has been £4,900 per annum, with the highest investment in the distribution sector, at £9,700 per annum. In the production (including pre- and post- production) sector, investment per FTE worker has been around £4,400 a year since 2000. This means that the core UK film industry invests more per worker than, for example, the average across the all manufacturing industries (£3,500 per FTE worker); computing and related activities (£2,300); and hotels and restaurants (£2,500). The distribution sub-sector of the core UK film industry invests more per worker than the research and development sector (£4,700 per FTE worker in 2005).
The amount of capital investment per employee in a company/sector is often a good indication of the productivity of the workforce. The more capital intensive the industry, the higher the value added per worker is likely to be.
4.4. Research and development expenditure
Firms in the core UK film industry spend money on the development of new products, processes and technologies to give themselves a competitive advantage in the fierce global market for work. In particular parts of the industry, such as visual effects and post-production, there is a premium on innovation to land major contracts with the large production studios – impressive special effects, such as 3D and computer-generated imagery, is big box office, as demonstrated by the runaway success of Avatar.
Official data sources on research and development (R&D) expenditure do not provide enough sectoral detail to quantify levels of spending in the film industry. Nevertheless, it is clear from speaking to individual firms that R&D spending in many parts of the film industry is very significant – whether on new technologies for film production, distribution or exhibition. We know that the largest R&D projects, involving the creation of new content platforms or new ways of working, tend to be collaborative, and can involve several key industry players as well as traversing the boundary between film and TV: the MUPPITS project, for example, which is exploring ways of sharing physical and virtual resources to improve efficiency in the post-production sector, is co-funded by the Technology Strategy Board (a government agency) and involves organisations such as the BBC, Pinewood Studios, Southampton University and a number of London post-production houses. Similarly, the development of new Video-on-Demand platforms (see Chapter 11), for example by Project Canvas and its predecessor Project Kangaroo, were joint ventures led by the major TV channels. London‟s post-production houses have a world-leading reputation, with a market share in the global film visual effects market, for example, of around 20%, a figure which has doubled since 2005. Its leading firms, such as MPC, Double Negative, Cinesite and Framestore, are trusted by overseas producers and known for their ability to take on complex sequences and indeed entire productions if needed. Much of this reputation can be traced to cutting-edge visual effects technologies developed in-house by independent firms, either individually or collaboratively. Their success at landing contracts for almost all of the major recent US-made visual effects blockbusters – such as Avatar, 2012 and Cloverfield – seems indicative of a highly successful innovation ecosystem within the UK.
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发表于 2013-5-22 23:33:57
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，小菜鸟我实在是不好意系呀~~~~
楼主
第一次作业，没看太懂，咬牙坚持