逗号V-ING结构中having done的疑惑

暗夜迦蓝

Industrialization and modtern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.

a. while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
b. while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have
c. while they have introduced 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time, and have
d. but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have
e. but at the same time introduce some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having

曼哈顿的解释
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/industrialization-and-modtern-methods-of-insect-control-have-t460.html

OA是B

就我所知（，V-ING）在句尾向前修饰前面分句的 主语（noun modifier 作定语），谓语动词（verb modifier 作伴随状语），整句话（结果状语）
但是对 这个结构能否就近修饰逗号前的名词（这句话中pollutant） 我不太清楚

因为 在一本语法总结中看到 aeo版主说 A选项中的having可能会修饰到pollutants
但是 曼哈顿的instructor解释说A选项中having done更可能是像修饰前句主语，即they

大家讨论一下，觉得哪个说得对呢？
句尾的（，V-ING）结构能否就近修饰逗号前的名词呢？（不考虑前句是系动词的情况）
如For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

暗夜迦蓝

顶上来，求大牛们把它作为茶余饭后的消遣帮小弟解决一下

sc2015

OG语法有几题官方解释认为其“，doing”修饰不清晰：即有修饰前面noun，又有修饰前句主语的嫌疑，所以不好。（你可以找找）

记忆中有一个是修饰前面名词的（不过此名词是主语）the yield of coffee berries varied..., because a single tree, depending on its size and..., is able to produce...(在prep中的）

暗夜迦蓝

sc2015 发表于 2014-10-16 10:23
OG语法有几题官方解释认为其“，doing”修饰不清晰：即有修饰前面noun，又有修饰前句主语的嫌疑，所以不好 ...

嗯 你说的这题我看到过 所以意思是特定情况下还是修饰前一句的宾语的？

gigizhulove

  1. 分词结构，PREP08-02-181 中的总结：
  如果前面是主谓宾结构 :
*现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语（只就近修饰前面的名词）；
*现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.不做定语修饰前面的名词（根据这个规则的话，having gone...只能做状语，因为有逗号，修饰they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants整个分句）.
  避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰(如楼主的题目 )
  如果前面是主系表结构：
*主系表结构（逗号隔开），由于系动词是一个状态不存在“被伴随”，但是V-ing结构依然修饰的是整个主系表结构，所以后面的V-ing结构也可以被解读为修饰前面的名词成分—主语（如果宾语是名词，也一同修饰，因为主系表结构中主语和宾语所指是同一事物 )
  For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. (所以既有修饰 主语 animal-hide shields ，也修饰最近的名词  essential items of military equipment )

   2. having done 分词结构的完成时
     having done 形式比较特殊，因为是分词完成时，不能做限定性修饰名词（和一般现在分词作定语不同，一般分词结构是无逗号限定性的），所以只能做非限定性修饰名词，这样和以上规则冲突，这样的修饰是ambiguous：
     如：

     Having done 可以做非限定性修饰，不能做限定性修饰

     Wrong：the manhaving won the race is my brother

     Right ：the man who has won the race is my brother

     所以在句尾having done的形式是有问题的。
   
     我觉得主要的问题是要分清是v_ing 还是 having done形式，语法会有不同之处！
     我对这个问题理解也不清楚，希望和你一起讨论得到结果！