请教各位NN：关于OG13 SC 123 中which 的指代

晓梦初尘

Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but thev began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.

(A) they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease
(B) after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine, they began growing again
(C) in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, which was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again
(D) with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular red wine, they
began growing again
(E) a reduced risk of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started them growing again

这道题的c选项，OG上的解释说which 错误地指代了 red wine, 但是这里有一个of 结构，为什么不可以看成 which 跳跃指代 consumption ？

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是这样的，关系代词which一定是优先指代前面紧挨着的名词，只有当which前紧挨的名词和which后的动词在单复数上不匹配的时候，which才能往前跳跃指代，不然只能老老实实指代前面紧挨的名词，这是gmat语法的规则。

Eg：New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high- yielding varieties. 例子中that前的fertilizer是单数，但that后的were是复数，所以that只能被迫往前跳跃指代irrigation and application

类似的，如果关系代词指代人/物错乱，也只能被迫跳跃指代。

Eg：She participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide. 跳跃原因：which不能指代人，而且were复数，所以指代hearings无歧义

所以，简单说，99%的which/that默认都是指代前面紧挨的名词，只有当语法出现问题不能指代时，才会被迫往前指代。对你做题来说，很简单，如果你发现which/that从语法上指代前面紧挨的名词没问题，那它就只能指代紧挨名词，不能跳跃指代。