求教三个比较题目的异同

dabaolurker

本来作为回帖发的，但自己比较难找回来，于是自己再发一遍。真心求教！
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比较也一直是我的弱项。感谢楼主的分享，读了一部分，但碰到一些问题于是想请教一下。

例1. OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A)        the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B)        rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C)        the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D)        rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E)        rice has a protein higher in quality than
解释是
B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

正确句子则是Rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat. 比较对象是rice的protein和wheat的protein。这题我没有问题。

但接下来两个例2, 3就不懂了。

例2： Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than those have been killed by bee stings
楼主总结中，例2中红色的those是不能加的，具体原因如下：
在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中， 不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

但上面解释有两点不是很懂。1）上面例2比较的内容可以简单的理解为人数的比较吗？7 people比上被蜜蜂扎的人数 2）than have been killed显然是一个省略句，如果要补足的话，应该如何补足呢？

例3：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health
楼主文档中正确句子是不能加that of的。原因是：其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少。

例3结构貌似与例1有点相似啊。回顾例1 Rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat.  所以是不是不能说rice has more protein than that of wheat？但如果句子如果改成animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain可以吗？

望赐教。非常感谢！

陈大鱼

我觉得以上三题首先得弄清楚是什么跟什么在比较

题一中，of higher quality是修饰protein的,该题为宾语比较，所有后面是接that in
题三中，是主语比较，类似的结构包括I eat faster than you等，所有后面是不能接that of的，接了以后就变成wild animals 和meat的比较

题二是个争议题，详情可见http://www.**.com/thread-395648-1-1.html
但我个人是偏向与加those of ，因为无论任何的省略，省略的内容在前文是必须要出现的，前文出现的是seven people，把这个结构贴到后句中会显得特别怪，所以还是加those of比较好。

以上，拙见= =

ashlyzhu

顶。。同求啊

ashlyzhu

Rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat.  说的比较式蛋白质的质量问题，是介宾比较吧
rice has more protein than that of wheat  是对的吧，这里比较的是蛋白质的多少，是宾语在比较
animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain这句话是对的，但是改了之后就是主语animals和livestock在比较了，而改之前的话，是animal的脂肪和livestock的脂肪在比较，是宾语在比较
其他的我不知道，求解大神

dabaolurker

陈大鱼 发表于 2014-8-21 11:05
我觉得以上三题首先得弄清楚是什么跟什么在比较

题一中，of higher quality是修饰protein的,该题为宾语比 ...

谢谢回答。请教一下，为什么要加of呢？不能仅仅加those吗？另外http://www.**.com/thread-395648-1-1.html是CD网吗?是的话我好像打不开，能否给个完整地址？非常感谢！

陈大鱼

gwd 7-4


Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.



A.movies—less than those

B.movies—fewer than have been

C.movies, which is less than those

D.movies, a number lower than the people

E.movies, fewer than the ones


答案是E,我不太明白，ones指代前面的people,可是我记得在语法书里讲道，前面没有出现one,后面好像就不能用ones来指代，对于这种比较很不确定，前面是people是集合名词，可以用those 代替吗？看来看去觉得D 好些，有谁能把每个选项的错误讲一下？多谢了！

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bonnie

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发表于 2009-11-4 10:51:26 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 bonnie 于 2009-11-4 11:12 编辑


选E的理由
vanessav:
A is not the nest answer.
A lot of writings in AP news or Nytimes news suggest that using of "ones" is frequently used by native writers.
Examples:
"A lot of the courses, like Pinehurst, the ones that are essentially all green, you have to really, really search for that perfect lighting," she continued. "Otherwise the painting would just be incredibly boring."--from today's nytimes;
But when highly respected legal experts on civil liberties, including ones favoring same-sex marriage, raise the same possibility, their concerns cannot be dismissed as partisan debating points.
--------also from today's nytimes.

exan:
4.我觉得E对
先把插入语"the man-eater of the movies"去掉,
B) Only seven people have been killed by the shark--fewer than (people) have been killed by bee stings.
E) Only seven people have been killed by the shark, fewer than the ones killed by bee stings.
B比较的双方是两个claim，所以比较的方面只能是状语（副词）的比较，比如说more likely, more severe；而且people的省略更容易理解为是同一组人。
E比较的主题是名词，比较的方面只能是表语（形容词）的比较，比如说fewer, less。
选项的logical是首要因素，所以B不好。
the ones指代people有什么不好的呢？！

findjuhl:
这道题很阴险阿，ETS设置了很多陷阱，首先B的破折号会让人有比较插入语成分的歧义，所以不能选B
其次，答案E之所以用The ones而不是those，因为those会有歧义指代插入语的movies，只有the ones才能指代前面的复数人

madben:
以下是引用vanessawhy在2006-7-11 2:07:00的发言：
这是一种比较词than或者 as之后出现主语省略的情况
1.        In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.
(A) Americans were killed as
(B) Americans were killed than
(C) Americans were killed than those who
(D) more Americans were killed as there（A)
(E) more Americans were killed as those who
这是OG里的一道题目
答案是A  在as 和would later be killed之间省略了 americans
这么说，shark的那一题正确答案还是应该是B， 首先fewer的用法是对的，虽然说less在MW字典里可以这样用，可是它也说了这是新近的用法，不代表出题的就接受。很多语法书的语法点gmat也是不接受的。
其次，have been与前面的时态是呼应的。


OG上的这道题目被引用了好几次，但我认为OG上的题目和GWD这道题目有一个非常大的区别，那就是OG里被省略的成分是“Americans"，在主句是泛指。如果将之补全，就是
In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as Americans
            would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.
但GWD里这道题主句的主语是Seven people，如果将B省略的主语补全，则变成了
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than seven people
            have been killed by bee stings
怎么说也是不合乎逻辑的。另外B中破折号的用法我认为也很有问题，B中破折号变成了强调修饰的对象是movies
我个人觉得正确答案还应该是E. Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies, fewer than the ones killed by bee stings.
其实完全可以将E稍微改写一下以帮助理解：
Only seven people , fewer than the ones killed by bee stings, this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies.




选A的理由
hawkinsxie:
我选A。
1）破折号表示后面的是同位语，类似于用一个新名词
2）B不好，因为没有比较对象,  fewer不如less好，当表示多少的时候的比较级
3）E不好，用一个adj.作dangling modifier却不能修饰主句主语

fannyyudan:
我也选A，可数名次在可以用less来表示数量上的区别，而且这里也不存在B的缺少those的情况，或者E中用the ones歧义的情况

vanessawhy :
这是一种比较词than或者 as之后出现主语省略的情况
1.        In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.
(A) Americans were killed as
(B) Americans were killed than
(C) Americans were killed than those who
(D) more Americans were killed as there（A）
(E) more Americans were killed as those who
这是OG里的一道题目
答案是A  在as 和would later be killed之间省略了 americans
这么说，shark的那一题正确答案还是应该是B， 首先fewer的用法是对的，虽然说less在MW字典里可以这样用，可是它也说了这是新近的用法，不代表出题的就接受。很多语法书的语法点gmat也是不接受的。
其次，have been与前面的时态是呼应的。




选B的理由
miaoyin_tx：
4题我觉得A 和C都用less修饰people， C里面的which指代不明确。我对E不太明确，只是觉得用ones很别扭。D，a number 不能和people比较。 感觉B好些，用fewer修饰people，而且than后面的have been和前面的have been 比较对称， 但是than后面指教跟have been。。好象也不是很完美。咬咬牙选B罢。 大家的意见呢？

upychhill：
感觉像应该是B，than起到代词的作用。我发现一般than+谓语或as...as+谓语的选项都是对的。如果是替代，ETS一般不用the ones而是用those。

robertchu：
破折号的用法: "Use a dash to set off anabrupt break or interruption and to announce a long appositive orsummary" (from "The Elements of Style".
Q4 I also choose B.  Any commnets, NNs?

小鱼儿:
第四题E选项才会产生歧义： fewer than the ones紧跟的是movies，但实际上应该指的是people。选B

LES:
D. number 与 people 比较肯定错！
破折号，在这里相当于冒号，表示解释。
B 的意思没有错啊，被蜜蜂刺死的人比被鲨鱼咬死的多。

dashasha:
在那篇absolute phrases 里找到了一个关于破折号的依据：Since absolute phrases are optional in the sentence, they are often set off from the sentence with commas or, less often, with dashes.

dreadpower :
我觉得E不对的一个原因在于，fewer than后面核心就是一个名词the ones
但是fewer than前面是一个句子
B成立的原因在于，其实B比较的是句子，fewer than后省略people

tulipmontreal:
National Geographic documentaries and movies such as "Jaws"
have fed people's fears of shark attacks for decades...fears
of the Great White Shark.
Such fears, however, are largely unfounded.  According to
Nature Publishing Group, "Only seven people this century have
been killed by the Great White Shark, the man-eater of the
movies -- fewer than the number killed by bee stings."
B非常正确!

juan:
记得OG中曾经提到more 修饰people,greater修饰number,不能用more 修饰number,因此我觉得fewer也是不能修饰number的，fewer只能和more一样修饰people. 见OG251的解释。所以我觉得tulipmontreal 引用的national gergraphic的例子用GMAT的语法来考查的话，fewer than the number是不对的。
这题我还是觉得选B。fewer than 后省略了people.而且B中的完成时也和前面的对称。
请指正。

mbz:
B is the answer. To the friend on the 16th floor, the two questions are quite different, and hence can't be compared

future2005:
答案应该是B.
E的错误有2个:
1. 时态不一致
2.one错.  GMAT Verbal Workbook(KAPLAN):
   Never use one or one's to refer to any antecedent except one.

huhhuh:
from Merriam-Webster's Dic
fewer
Function:pronoun, plural in construction
a smaller number of persons or things
fewer 不仅可以做形容词，可以作代词，这样就不存在省掉people对不对得问题了。fewer在这里就是指代people的。我觉得B没问题

laipiyu:
E的问题在于the定冠词,难道大家都忘了the定冠词的用法了吗?"特指"啊!!
有了这个the,那么the ones就是特指前面出现过的同一物体.比如这里指people,那么就是特指the people,也就是被great white shark所杀的这seven people.因为不可能还同时被bee stings所杀,所以E是不对的.
ones并不是非要指代人,这个概念不能继续被误导了.
fewer做后置修饰啊.

aeoluseros:
In my opinion E is incorrect because it makes a comparsion between number (7 people) and people.
If you substitute choice E, this is how it would look:
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great
                    white
                    shark, the man-eater of the movies, fewer than the ones killed by bee stings.

nowait:
support B.
from google, one example is found:
"In two years, a total of 348 people have died in seven countries in attacks that could be loosely linked with al-Qaeda or its many affiliates and emulators--far fewer thatn have been killed by bolts of lightning in the same period."
The sentence above resembles our question much!

逢冰:
movies—less than those        
movies—fewer than have been      
movies, which is less than those      
movies, a number lower than the people
movies, fewer than the ones
语法点：
1、 比较（Comparison）：fewer than 比…少，用于可数名词（few的比较级）； less than 比…少，用于不可数名词（little的比较级）；
2、agreement。B中which 通常紧跟其指代的n,D中the ones 指代模糊，而且the的用法奇怪
我觉得因为B中have been 非常公整的对照了第一句，故而很清楚省略了people.所以我选B.

陈大鱼

ashlyzhu 发表于 2014-8-21 11:18
顶。。同求啊

There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as  for school teachers.
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as  in china
这种是介宾比较~~~
你翻译下中文就能体会了~

陈大鱼

我直接把内容贴你啦~~~应该是those  没有of。。。

陈大鱼

不过我觉得那题蛮特殊的，因为比较结构没有嵌入到主句= =

dabaolurker

陈大鱼 发表于 2014-8-22 14:00
我直接把内容贴你啦~~~应该是those  没有of。。。

再次感谢！我来学习一下！