【Native Speaker每日综合训练—39系列】【39-11】 科技 hypnosis

油桃F

Speed
[Time 2] 2'18(253 words)
Hypnosis can contribute to recreating and studying some puzzling phenomena.People with PHA show bad explicit memory and they can retrive memory as soon as the suggestion was cancelled.
[Time 3] 1'56(295 words)
PHA is similar to functional amnesia because they share some similar features.Performing an experiment to know their underlying processes.
[Time 4] 3'45(521 words)
PHA temporarily disrupted people's ablity to recall the past.Brain activition measured by fMRI correlated with forgetting.
[Time 5] 2'04(246 words)
Hypnosis exactly influences the brain activation.The study specify the underlying processes.PHA affects content of the memory but not the context.
[Time 6] 2'02(266 words)
Distinction between supression and regression.Dissociation between implicit and explicit memory.

Obstacle
Experiment:hypnosis can create a mismatch between bottom-up info and top-down expection.
Hyposis can alter brain function.

septfish

Speed:
1'59'' Scientists is going to study PHA.PHA causes a short memory loss.

2'13'' PHA is similar to functional amnesia.But PHA groups can  forget the memory suddenly and recall the memory suddenly.Researchers find that both PHA group and non-PHA group can not recall the details of the movie that they watched during the experiment.

5'02'' Two tests were conducted.One is to check how many details PHA group and non-PHA group remember while PHA suggestion was in effect.The other is to check these figures while the PHA suggestion was cancelled.The experiment shows that PHA group remembers much less details of the movie under PHA suggestion.But once the PHA suggestion was removed,PHA group and non-PHA group can recall the same amount of details.

2'10'' The study is quite important cause it demonstrates that the hypnotic suggestions influence brain activity.

2'08'' More is need to find out the detailed processes of PHA and functional amnesia.


Obstacle:
7'58''

Going

Speaker：Sth can cause less painj and less stree in the surgery. It help surgery redirect focus and feel less pain, and because reduced time cost also is saved dramatically.

Time 2: 1:56. H is a valuable technology. PHA can be used to control memory.
Time 3: 2:03 Research has been done on PHA and Amenesia.
Time 4: 3:03 kinds of tests get kinds of results
Time 5: 2:23 H is important in influencing brain, and brain processes. How to decide what to suppress, MEG might help.
Time 6: 1:59 the relationship between suppression and forgetting

Obstacle: 5：01 Hypnosis is used as cognitive neuro science. Thought a test, it can affect brain function.

slave918

T2 2:19
Hypnosiser use PHA to let people forget a certain memory. He can cancle PHA, then the memory is back.
This is domonstrated by a study.
T3 1:51
PHA has some similarities with functional amnesia.
The scientists did an experiment to understand the underlying process of these 2 things.
T4 3:39
In test 1, PHA group can't answer the question as good as non-PHA group.
In test2 , two groups are the same.
This experiments show that PHA do has an effect on human's memory.
The brain areas correspond differently when people are in PHA.
2 possibilies to explain PHA are ruled out.
T5 1:26
two contributions:
1.demonstrates that PHA has effect on brain activity.
2. show the underlying process.
How the machine decide what to surpress.

crystal9291

obstacle:
Whether hypnosis can be used in psychological treatments and neuroscience.
! Not like what people regualy think

EXP: AR
method: letter and word mismatch----
assuption: reading will make it longer
2 group: the highly hyponotizables&the resistants
process: instructions....posthypnotic suggestion...brain scanner
outcome:
the highly hyponotizables---without SE/override conflict
the resistants---with SE/not override conflict
different brain pattern---several parts not active----top-down nature explain physical phenomenon

vivianpdn

2'08
hypnosis is considered to be a useful technique for some researches.
the relationship of PHA and memory.

2'15
PHA is correlated with the functional amnesia.one way to test this relations is to identify the change in brain pattern
associated with PHA.

3'32
PHA is comtemporarily associated with brain activity.

2'22
hypnosis is real and is associated with brain activity,which initially thought to associted with functional amnesia,etc.

2'13
the research of scientists find the implicit and explicit answer from those subjects.

ROLEDAD

[speaker]
The clinical study showed that women who went under hypnosis just before breast cancer surgery reported less pain, nausea, fatigue and emotional stress. More surprising, they required less anesthetic during surgery. As a result, Psychologists can apply this into the patients to help alleviate their pains when during surgery.

[speed]
Time2: 2'10''
A new study shows that this hypnotic state actually influences brain activity associated with memory.Even though high hypnotizable people with PHA can’t recall the forgotten information it continues to influence their behavior, thoughts and actions.

Time3:2'18''
Researchers have used PHA as a laboratory analogue of functional amnesia because these conditions share several similar features and to test the difference between PHA and functional amnesia to identify the brain activity patterns associated with PHA. In a groundbreaking study, neuroscientist selected 25 people to participate in an experiment.

Time4: 3'30''
What is entirely new in Mendelsohn et al.’s study is their demonstration that PHA was associated with a specific pattern of brain activation, and the scientists can rule out several possibilities for the the failure to remember.

Time5: 1'27''
The latest study starts to specify the underlying brain processes, which we assume are shared by PHA and functional amnesia, and movie content was influenced by PHA.

Time6: 1'48''
In PHA (and in functional amnesia) the person is unable to explicitly recall certain information, yet we see evidence of this material on implicit measures. However it would contribute to a more complete neural picture of the processes involved in these fascinating forms of forgetting.

[obstacle]
Time7: 3'41''
A new studying hypnosis discusses the potential for hypnosis to provide insights into brain mechanisms involved in attention, motor control, pain perception, beliefs and volition and also to produce informative analogues of clinical conditions.  In Amir Raz's Stroop test, she found, the visual area of the brain that usually decodes written words did not become active. It does not mean hypnosis can cure your cancer, but these effects all demonstrate that suggestion can physically alter brain function.

#Most of the time people see what they expect to see and believe what they already believe
—unless hypnosis trips up their brain circuitry#

吐吐yeah

掌管 6        00:03:59.76        00:13:01.62
掌管 5        00:01:13.52        00:09:01.86
掌管 4        00:01:34.89        00:07:48.33
掌管 3        00:02:39.66        00:06:13.44
掌管 2        00:01:40.15        00:03:33.77
掌管 1        00:01:53.62        00:01:53.62

Obstacle
This passage explains an experiment of words and colors using hypnosis, and demonstrates that suggestion can physically alter brain function.

planetandlucas

Time 2:  The article intorduces that Hypnosis can recall people's memory.  At same time, PHA can delete some painful memory, and furthermore PHA can  have a further memory influence on people. (1:39)

Time 3: The article continues to decrease the result of expeerienment that some memories are still recovored  even though after using PHA. (2:32)

Time 4: Paragraphes continues to intorduce the process of the experiment and explain the result of the experiment. The finding show that PHA temporarily interupt people's memory. (2:51)

Time 5:  The artilce explains Hypnotic effects are real.  (1:49)

Time 6:  The artile further explaines the suppression mechanism in PHA. (2:03)

Obstacle:  The author introduces that researchers try to recover the influence of hypnotic on people's brain. Then, the article introduces the relevant experiment and the result of experiment.
At last, the author explains that the findings of experiment will have a deep influence on science. (3:57)

chenxiaojing

01：36-253
PHA is one type of hypnosis that one may forget some thing because of some suggestion and remeber again when the suggestion is canclled
02:13-295
03:35-521
the results of experiment of PHA to show the difference between that and functional amnesia
02:05-246
PHA influence the brain activity and still puzzlea about what to suppress
02:21-266
the dissociation of implicit and explicit memory
06:25-1050
the experiment of hyponosis. with suggestion different parts of brain become active and have effect on behavior