og25/og141/0g152/og179/205，主要是关于with用法。

而今迈步从头越

179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.

(A)Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of

(B)Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of

(C)Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue

(D)having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of

(E)knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue

Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; further­more, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted. D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Ameri­cans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.

解释说现在分词有修饰new comers的嫌疑，但是它与the new comers是用句号隔开的呀？另外，C中with表达的意思和用法各是什莫？

关于with的用法，还有几道题一直有疑惑，希望大家能解答。

og 25:

25：The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show.

这里with的用法作用和修饰对象？

141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take anti rejection drugs for the rest of their lives.

(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

(B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment

(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

In A and B, the phrases beginning Unlike... and Besides... modify patients, the subject of the main clause; thus A absurdly states that Unlike transplants ..., patients... must take ... drugs, and B that all patients except for transplants... must take ... drugs. In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. In E, the construction Other than transplants..., all patients ... must take... drugs illogically suggests, as in B, that some patients are transplants. Choice C, the best answer, solves these problems by using a clause introduced by Unless to describe the exception to the rule and a nonrestrictive clause beginning with who to describe the characteristic attributed to all identical twins.

152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scien­tists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.

(A)it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(B)it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it

(C)kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(D)kill vast numbers of humans who have no natu­ral defenses against them

(E)kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them

This sentence requires parallel verb forms within the relative clause that might escape... and kill. C, the best choice, uses parallel verb forms that are followed appropriately by the conditional would have in the who clause that modifies humans. Choices A and B each violate parallel construction by intro­ducing a new independent clause, it would kill... and it might kill... Though choices D and E begin by observing parallel­ism, the use of them at the end of each creates a problem of pronoun reference: them cannot refer to the singular microbe. In addition, choices B, D, and E lack would and thus do not express the conditional.

如果B改为：kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it是否正确？with是否还存在着部分和整体的问题？从og141来看，with表示的是非限定修饰，表达的是部分的概念？

og 205:

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves."

with的修饰对象及用法如何？

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-24 14:19:03编辑过]

soaring

og 25:

25：The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show.

这里with的用法作用和修饰对象？

表示伴随，前明说了emergence of prize-stock breeding，然后给各with结构所说它的内容，我是这样理解的

soaring

179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.

(A)Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of

(B)Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of

(C)Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue

(D)having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of

(E)knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue

Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; further­more, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted. D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Ameri­cans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.

解释说现在分词有修饰new comers的嫌疑，但是它与the new comers是用句号隔开的呀？另外，C中with表达的意思和用法各是什莫？

来说c，把with结果去掉也是很完整的句子，就说明这个地方还是一个表伴随的，with结构一般都表伴随哦。剩余部分很简洁的表达出作者的意思，所以C很明显是正确的best

A,B不是什么大错误，但是太拖沓，GMAT要求最简洁最正确的表述，A,B显然不是best

d,e前面的现在分词短语指代不明，说它们修饰newcomers或者Native Americans 都有道理，而且就近原则来看，似乎是修饰newcomers的，所以d,e不准确

个人观点，仅供参考

soaring

剩下的，今天不看了，我眼睛都看打了

JJ以后是不是分着贴啊，这个是一类题目，可以分着贴，然后做一个链接汇总，赫赫

nosmoking

同意soaring，这25题和179题with都是表伴随，但25题是with引导的独立主格结构表伴随，With+名词/代词+现在分词（过去分词、介词短语、动词不定式、形容词等），其中名词/代词就是该独立结构的主语。而179仅仅是介词短语表伴随。

with短语在句子中可以有很多意思的，比如
可以表让步：
With all her experience, she could not get a job.  尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作。
表示伴随：
With the advent of the rockets, the Space Age began. 随着火箭的出现，太空时代开始了。
表原因：
With her permission, he left.  获得她的允许后，他离开了
还有我也不知道算表示什么：
With me, it is a question of priorities.  对我来说，这是一个优先权的问题

请NN指正

jade_lee

141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take anti rejection drugs for the rest of their lives.

(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

(B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment

(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment

(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

In A and B, the phrases beginning Unlike... and Besides... modify patients, the subject of the main clause; thus A absurdly states that Unlike transplants ..., patients... must take ... drugs, and B that all patients except for transplants... must take ... drugs. In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. In E, the construction Other than transplants..., all patients ... must take... drugs illogically suggests, as in B, that some patients are transplants. Choice C, the best answer, solves these problems by using a clause introduced by Unless to describe the exception to the rule and a nonrestrictive clause beginning with who to describe the characteristic attributed to all identical twins.

152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scien­tists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.

(A)it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(B)it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it

(C)kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(D)kill vast numbers of humans who have no natu­ral defenses against them

(E)kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them

This sentence requires parallel verb forms within the relative clause that might escape... and kill. C, the best choice, uses parallel verb forms that are followed appropriately by the conditional would have in the who clause that modifies humans. Choices A and B each violate parallel construction by intro­ducing a new independent clause, it would kill... and it might kill... Though choices D and E begin by observing parallel­ism, the use of them at the end of each creates a problem of pronoun reference: them cannot refer to the singular microbe. In addition, choices B, D, and E lack would and thus do not express the conditional.

如果B改为：kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it是否正确？---不正确，因为choices B, D, and E lack would and thus do not express the conditional.with是否还存在着部分和整体的问题？从og141来看，with表示的是非限定修饰，表达的是部分的概念？我认为og141C, D 中的with相当于限定修饰。不存在着部分和整体的问题

og 205:

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves."

with的修饰对象及用法如何？

with 引导独立主格修饰pattern.

soaring

哇塞！幸福啊！这个帖子是北京帮啊！发帖的人偶都见过，哈哈

灌一下~

nosmoking

以下是引用jade_lee在2005-1-25 16:09:00的发言：

如果B改为：kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it是否正确？---不正确，因为choices B, D, and E lack would and thus do not express the conditional.with是否还存在着部分和整体的问题？从og141来看，with表示的是非限定修饰，表达的是部分的概念？我认为og141C, D 中的with相当于限定修饰。不存在着部分和整体的问题

我不同意jade_lee的意见，超级菜鸟手册中也提到过141和152的中with的问题，既然with有限定修饰的意思，那也就是存在部分修饰的意思。 OG多次提到限定与非限定的区别是是特指和泛指的关系，也就是菜鸟讲的部分与整体的关系。这从中文也很好理解，比如 狼，凶狠的动物。 这就是非限定修饰，是不是无一例外的说明所有的狼都是凶狠的。 再如， 温顺的狗。这就是限定修饰，也就是暗含狗还有不温顺的。呵呵，不知道说清楚没有！

jade_lee

以下是引用nosmoking在2005-1-26 13:58:00的发言：


我不同意jade_lee的意见，超级菜鸟手册中也提到过141和152的中with的问题，既然with有限定修饰的意思，那也就是存在部分修饰的意思。 OG多次提到限定与非限定的区别是是特指和泛指的关系，也就是菜鸟讲的部分与整体的关系。这从中文也很好理解，比如 狼，凶狠的动物。 这就是非限定修饰，是不是无一例外的说明所有的狼都是凶狠的。 再如， 温顺的狗。这就是限定修饰，也就是暗含狗还有不温顺的。呵呵，不知道说清楚没有！

nosmoking, 我认为为便于理解限定和非限定的意思，可以用部分和整体来比喻。但ETS 并没就此下过明确的定义。 OG只多次提到限定与非限定的区别是是特指和泛指的关系。

smartcoco

d,e前面的现在分词短语指代不明，说它们修饰newcomers或者Native Americans 都有道理，而且就近原则来看，似乎是修饰newcomers的，所以d,e不准确

不是说在分词前面若有逗号，不是修饰前面的名词而是修饰前面的整个句子么/

不解