请教GWDD一道语法

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NASA’s methodical approach to the exploration of Mars has not yet answered the questions of whether biological life forms ever emerged on Mars and whether, presuming such life forms having left fossil traces to begin with, those traces can still exist in some moist recesses of the cold and arid planet.

A.    and whether, presuming such life forms having left fossil traces to begin with, those traces can

B.    and whether, if it is presumed that such life forms left some fossil traces to begin with, can those traces

C.    and whether, presuming such life forms left fossil traces to begin with, those traces

D.    and, presuming such life forms did leave some fossil traces to begin with, if they can

E.     and, presuming such life forms to have left fossil traces to begin with, if they

答案：c
虽然选对了，但对于persuming such..总觉得奇怪
persuming 的逻辑主语应该是什么呢？
答案里感觉those traces是，但逻辑不通啊