大搜魂针系列之五； [比较than】

enkyklios

总觉得这是主语的比较，一定需要一个动词的。
the nerve lining of a mouse's nose contains roughly the same number of olfactory receptorsas that of a human's nose
如果答案是这样， 那不就成了比较   老鼠的nerve lining 含有和 numer of a human's nose 一样的 number of olfacory receptors.
不是很荒谬么。。。

我觉得这里貌似就没有正确答案了。。。。

我的意思是， 如果没有动词， 就成了宾语的比较。 i eat apple faster than you. 我吃苹果比吃你快。 而这个句子想表达的是 i eat apple faster than you do. 】

本来关于【比较】结构我已经发了一个贴子，但是反映也很平淡，所以就懒得再继续了。今天又看到一们童鞋在问一个关于比较的的问题，我又觉得倒是可以针对这个提问分析一下，这比闷头做系统总结要效果好一点。

我们看她的说法；    " I eat apple faster than you.      （错误） 我吃苹果比吃你快。
                                  I eat apple faster than you do. "   这个句子想表达的真正意思

这是在论坛里边只要谈论比较就能看到的一个句子。我没有去考查它的来源，希望不是来自大牛权威之手。因为我始终认为他们的说法是不正确的.

如果没有证据就这样说既忤逆权威又误导大家，于是我不免从词典上找上了句正确的例句
Nobody understands the situation betterthan you.
如果仅仅因为主语比较可以不用补助动词就说别人总结错了的话，那我就未免小题大作，有哗众取宠之嫌了。那问题的关键在那呢？
问题在于词典中把这个例句归为[介词],既然than是介词短语那么例句“   I eat apple faster than you ”就不能补充谓语或者助动词的（当然你非要补上也没有关系，但是这改变了than的词性）

本来分析到这里大家应该都能够认可介词than 后面是不需要补出或者不能补出谓语的。但是我想画蛇添足分析一下如果补出和不补出有没有区别。
以下纯粹我个人扯蛋，如果不喜欢可以不看；
I eat apple faster than you .              介词短语作状语。                  than you 意为比起你来，我吃苹果快一些
I eat apple faster than you eat apple  than为连词引导状语从句。     意为我吃苹果比你吃苹果快一些

们必须要看到的就是than you 中than的词性是介词绝不能这时候一厢情愿地认为需要给它补出一个谓语来


趁热打铁分析一下gmat的比较题，看看是不是更容易呢

In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, theprotein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the aminoacids essential to

the human diet.

A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in

B )rice has protein of higher quality than that in

C )the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in

D )rice protein is higher in quality than it is in

E) rice has a protein higher in quality than

我们先分析这句话；

a different stone from that one

a different ( 定语）stone from that one （副词性介词短语修饰different) 。    其实这句话可以改成 a stone different from that one





这个东西和我们要分析的题有一毛钱关系吗？各位看官稍安勿燥。

我们看正确选项；rice has protein of higher quality than that in        副词性介词短语修饰higher  
                                                    a different stone from that one     副词性介词短语修饰different  与……不同（different)

如果大家看是看不明白我的意图；我继续解释

柯林斯词典中对than的解释；
PREP(介词）      (用于形容词、副词的比较级之后，连接比较对象)比 You use than after a comparative adjective or adverb in order to link two parts of a comparison.
The radio only weighs a few ounces and is smaller than a cigarette packet...      
这台收音机重量仅为几盎司，比香烟盒还小。

现在大家看到我为什么把这两个不相干的东西放到一起的原因了吧，
The radio only weighs a few ounces and is smaller than a cigarette packet...
Than在这里是介词根本不是连词，绝不是省略了后边的谓语，也不是省略了助动词----当然你可以加上谓语使than变成连词，但是我要说的是我认为这会改变本意。

看到这儿估计大家还是不认可，因为比较结构大家一直当成一个特殊结构来着，没有分析过它的构成。所以我必须继续在这个问题上分析；

我们可以把rice has protein of higher quality than in   变成 rice has protein of quality higher than in
再举一例；这个例子非常有助于打破大家的思维定势，
she need a car twice larger than this one .   比较级定语后置
即不能说 she need a car than need this one 也不能说than this one need
大家千万不要误会认为以前看到的省略都是介词，那就错了，有很多是连词的省略。尤其是than in…… than to……。这时候肯定是连词的省略。我只是说这道题和很多跟这个类似的题是介词罢了
回到我们的石头；       a different stone from that one  
          rice has protein of higher quality than that in ……  （红色部分都是定语） than that 介词短语作副词性成份修饰 higher  

这句话的意思就是大“大米含有更多的蛋白（这是一种比……多的蛋白）

在我看来下边这几道题是换汤不换药，如果按照省略的说法我们需要大费周折最后可能连比较对象都没有搞清楚，但是如果按照我的办法可谓手到其来。大家自己做一下测试吧

Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars into research to develop cards more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.
(A) Same
(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cards on the road than at present
(C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient than presently the road
(D) in research to develop cards even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road
(E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road
Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than in the most impoverished countries of the world.

(A) lower than in
(B) lower than that of
(C) and lower than that of
(D) which is lower than in
(E) which is lower than it is in

Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from sources twenty times fainter compared to those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.
(A) compared to those that can b detected
(B) compared to those they can detect
(C) than that can be detected
(D) than those that can be detected
(E) than those detecting





另；

Noother food available to the birds on Delaware’sbeaches is as nutritious and accessible as are crab eggs.(因为谓语单复数不一致，需要补出)

这是论坛里又一常见说法，我认为这也是错误的。不过我们不想把这问题扩展的太大。只是提醒大家注意

enkyklios

云游 发表于 2013-6-21 00:24
Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and con ...

我觉得这个跟咱们谈论的稍有不同，但又异曲同工
我们看它为什么不行
plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than fungi由于有了at acquiring，它把优先获得了than fungi的修饰；
句子变成了比起fungi来plants 在获取carbon的时候更高效（plants 获取carbon比获取fungi高效）


深层层的原因是；
介词短语than语法上并不是只能做主语比较。其实他们从来都是可以作宾语比较的。所以我们要保证逻辑上只有一种合理。例如；
nobody understands the situation better than you 。
I eat apple faster than you

但是看下边这两个例子；
I understands the sittuation better than he .这句话的意思是说我比他更理解这个情况
I understands the situation better than him. 我理解情况比理解他多了（注意；宾格him的使用强制的使得句子变成了宾语比较)

翻译成汉语我们也可以理解。比起他来，我更了解情况。         
                                               比起 (了解）他来，我更了解情况。
结论；
1；尽管than作为介词短语会会导致两种解读 但两种意思本身并不是来源于than作为连词的不同省略造成的。而是than作为介词短语本身就具有的。
2；语法上两种可能都是存在的一个句子的，正确与否要以逻辑合理为前提。假如两种比较都成立的时候我们就不能这样使用介词短语than 而要使用连词than引导句子。

那回到你说的这道题at acquiring的使用，使得than fungi 想再比较主语已经心有余力不足了，它只能修饰acquiring   


类似的这题也不能；

The imposition of quotas limiting imported steel will not help the big American steel mills. In fact, the quotaswill help "mini-mills" flourish in the United States. Those small domestic mills will take more business from thebig Americal steel mills than would have been taken by the foreign steel mills in the absence of quotas.

Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the claim made in the last sentence above?

(A) Quality rather than price is a major factor in determining the type of steel to be used for a particular application.

(B) Foreign steel mills have long produced grades of steel comparable in quality to the steel produced by the big American mills.

(C) American quotas on imported goods have often induced other countries to impose similar quotas on American goods.

(D) Domestic "mini-mills" consistently produce better grades of steel than do the big American mills.

(E) Domestic "mini-mills" produce low-volume, specialized types of steels that are not produced by the big American steel mills.

xiqiong

先赞一个～～～～～～～～～

xiqiong

后面几道题的答案看不到的说～　好吧～我误解了～原来这还有一个小积分要求~

enkyklios

xiqiong 发表于 2013-6-20 21:47
后面几道题的答案看不到的说～　是不是要积分多少多少的才可以看到～？

对于以下问题同样欢迎大家跟贴探讨

系列一庖丁解牛   【being】 系列二无中觅有 【having done】   系列三环肥燕瘦【比较】 系列四以假乱真 【，Ving】 系列五毫厘千里  【than的误区】 大搜魂针系列终结贴；迷雾重重【再话having done】 谁是谁非----再话【having done 】

神奇的语法之【无处不在】 神奇的语法；怎样快速看清一个句子的结构 神奇的语法三；代词指代有无规律 大话with结构及用法

enkyklios

噢，答案我忘有放进去

According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
(A) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice
(B) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
(C) minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
(D) it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice
(E) it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

One reason why more young people lose their virginity during the summer than at other times of the year undoubtedly is because school vacations give adolescents more free time.
(A) One reason why more young people lose their virginity during the summer than at other times of the year undoubtedly is because
(B) If young people lose their virginity more during the summer than other seasons, it is undoubtedly because
(C) One undoubtable reason that young people lose their virginity more during the summer than other times is
(D) One reason more young people lose their virginity during the summer than at other times of the year is undoubtedly that
(E) Young people lose their virginity more often during the summer undoubtedly because, for one reason,

Because of the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, but also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
A. Because of the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, but also 400 times farther away from Earth, so both the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
B. The Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, is also 400 times farther away from Earth, so the Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky.
C. The Sun and the Moon have the same apparent size in the sky because the Sun, which is 400 times larger than the Moon, and also 400 times farther away from Earth.
D. Four hundred times larger than the Moon and 400 times farther away from Earth, the Sun has the same apparent size in the sky as the Moon's.
E. Four hundred times larger than the Moon and also 400 times farther away from Earth, so the Sun in the sky has the same apparent size as the Moon                     

When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity inthe late 1950’s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today thereare less than one-quarter that many.

A.   there are less than one-quarter that many

B.   there are fewer than one-quarter as many

C.   there are fewer than one-quarter of thatamount

D.   the number is less than one-quarter theamount

E.    it is less than one-quarter of that amount

A recent review of pay scales indicates （that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times） in 1980.

(A) that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
(B) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
(●) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(D) CEO's who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(E) CEO's now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times

xiqiong

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-20 21:49
噢，答案我忘有放进去

哈哈~不过最后一道题有点小绕~ 一做还是会错啊~

enkyklios

xiqiong 发表于 2013-6-20 22:01
哈哈~不过最后一道题有点小绕~ 一做还是会错啊~

还好吧，

than those that……    ( 定语个从句去掉）
than those in ……      （介词短语定语去掉）
这两个不是完全一样吗？

xiqiong

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-20 22:04
还好吧，

than those that……    ( 定语个从句去掉）

我是一开始没想到those指代什么东西~   sources? ~

xiqiong

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-20 22:04
还好吧，

than those that……    ( 定语个从句去掉）

我觉得你已经语法成精了！。。。。  膜拜下~
然后~ 问问阅读应该怎么开始。。。

enkyklios

xiqiong 发表于 2013-6-20 22:12
我觉得你已经语法成精了！。。。。  膜拜下~
然后~ 问问阅读应该怎么开始。。。 ...

阅读我觉得只能多读了，