大搜魂针系列之三 ；【比较】

enkyklios

说起比较结构最难的在于到底是谁和谁比较，尤其是遇到than后出现省略的情况，弄明白比较对像的问题就更显得尤为重要。这就是为什么我这个贴子命名为环肥燕瘦难比较 。

论坛里有一个广为流传的例子；I eat apple faster than you 。这个例子被无数人引用用来说明主语比较必须要加谓语或者助动词。但是却从来没有人对此提出异议。每个看到这个句子被拿出来我就发现还是有必要对比较作一个总结。

我本来是要把比较的问题系统的总结一下，但是千里之行始于足下，我先从一个例子入手先；如果大家觉得有帮助我会用我的方法比较简单真实的系统还原一下比较结构。

大米小麦比蛋白的题恐怕在比较类型里边算得上是经典了，CDer为止绞尽脑汁旁征博引，仔细推敲，than前小心翼翼的顾及平行，than后口挖空心思研究省略。最后或者茫然觉得不得要要领。或者当时觉得心有所得，过后再做依然不会。

之所以如此我认为主要在于大家在谈论这个问题的时候都没有给自己的立论一强有力的根基，逻辑上，语感上，语法上三者绞织在一起，而不能从语法上以一贯之的把这个问题说清。

我以下边这道题为切入点，跟大家分享一下我的思路，顺便就教于各位位方家。

In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, theprotein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the aminoacids essential to

the human diet.

A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in

B )rice has protein of higher quality than that in

C )the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in

D )rice protein is higher in quality than it is in

E) rice has a protein higher in quality than

这道题是我们分析比较绕不开的题。但是大家如果不跟我一般计较的话，我想说的是我看到的所有分析都是错误的。

空说无凭让证据来说话。进入正题。

a different stone from that one   一块和那一个不一样的石头
这个东西和我们要分析的题有一毛钱关系吗？各位看官稍安勿燥。

我们看正确选项；rice has protein of higher quality than that in        副词性介词短语修饰higher  
                                                    a different stone from that one     副词性介词短语修饰different  与……不同（different)

如果大家看是看不明白我的意图；我继续解释
柯林斯词典中对than的解释；
PREP(介词）      (用于形容词、副词的比较级之后，连接比较对象)比 You use than after a comparative adjective or adverb in order to link two parts of a comparison.
The radio only weighs a few ounces and is smaller than a cigarette packet...      
这台收音机重量仅为几盎司，比香烟盒还小。

现在大家看到我为什么把这两个不相干的东西放到一起的原因了吧，
The radio only weighs a few ounces and is smaller than a cigarette packet...
Than在这里是介词根本不是连词，绝不是省略了后边的谓语，也不是省略了助动词----当然你可以加上谓语使than变成连词，但是我要说的是我认为这会改变本意。
如果大家对than作为介词还有疑问的话我们看牛津高阶介词词条下的例句；

(used before a n or pron to express a comparison 用於名词或代词前表示比较关系): Nobody understands the situation betterthan you. 谁也不如你了解情况. *
在这里than you是介词短语作状语；和你比起来，没有人能更了解情况

回到我们的石头；       a different stone from that one  
          rice has protein of higher quality than that in ……  （红色部分都是定语） than that 介词短语作副词性成份修饰 higher  

这句话的意思就是大“大米含有更多的蛋白（这是一种比……多的蛋白）

看到这儿估计大家还是不认可，因为比较结构大家一直当成一个特殊结构来着，没有分析过它的构成。所以我必须继续在这个问题上分析；

我们可以把rice has protein of higher quality than in   变成 rice has protein of quality higher than in
再举一例；she need a car twice larger than this one .   比较级定语后置

这个例子非常有助于打破大家的思维定势，即不能说 she need a car than need this one 也不能说than this one need

我们从网上找了一个讲后置定语语法网站，其中有专门讲比较级定语后置的,我们从网上找了一个讲后置定语语法网站，其中有专门讲比较级定语后置的

http://seanyuan.cn/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=423&Channel=%CB%FC%C9%BD%D6%AE%CA%AF&Title=%D0%CE%C8%DD%B4%CA%D7%F7%BA%F3%D6%C3%B6%A8%D3%EF





大家千万不要误会认为以前看到的省略都是介词，那就错了，有很多是连词的省略。尤其是than in…… than to……。这时候肯定是连词的省略。我只是说这道题和很多跟这个类似的题是介词罢了

我觉得大家如果能够认同我的思路你现在就会发现别的选项都是无比的丑陋，而不会觉得好像别的选项比正确选项要好，或者稍改一下就比正确选项好。
这也是我一直主张的-gmat的正确选项是不但正确而且正确绝对正确，错误选项的选择也是相当的讲究，绝不会经过小改就比正确的好，更不会不改就比正确的好。
当然你也可能看完了觉得我标新立异，实无多少用处，这也正常。因为语法是一个系统性的东西，很难在一道题上体会到不同理论的优势，不过如果把很多例子放到一起以后你就会发现这样做巨大的好处。

比较一下论坛里另一个总结的我认为不错的贴子；

比较不涉及主谓，只比较句子的附加成分，不补助动词.  In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, theprotein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the aminoacids essential to
         

句子结构中只有主谓，没有宾语 的情况   

主谓宾结构的比较，than后的助词需补出

你现在是不是觉得谈论补不补助词本身就是多余的呢？
A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C
OG10- 198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.

(A) they had in their previous campaigns

(B) their previous campaigns had had

(C) they had for any previous campaign

(D) in their previous campaigns

(E)  for any previous campaign 正确   

OG10- 198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.

(A) they had in their previous campaigns

(B) their previous campaigns had had

(C) they had for any previous campaign

(D) in their previous campaigns

(E)  for any previous campaign 正确。     

According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty thanunder it.
A. than
B. than born
C. than they were
D. than there had been
E. than had been born

            

我们随便取几道题小试牛刀一下；

Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars into research to develop cards more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.
(A) Same
(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cards on the road than at present
(C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient than presently the road
(D) in research to develop cards even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road
(E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road
Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than in the most impoverished countries of the world.

(A) lower than in
(B) lower than that of
(C) and lower than that of
(D) which is lower than in
(E) which is lower than it is in

Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from sources twenty times fainter compared to those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.
(A) compared to those that can b detected
(B) compared to those they can detect
(C) than that can be detected
(D) than those that can be detected
(E) than those detecting

你是不是觉得分外的得心应手呢？如果是请记得回贴哟，亲

enkyklios

OG12- 43 Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are
members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.
(A)     about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many
(B)     of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many
(C)     that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
(D)     comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many
(E)     comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

FTKJ

看一看，瞧一瞧

enkyklios

自己顶起来

enkyklios

iamyingjie 发表于 2013-6-23 13:23
看到《环肥燕瘦》，还以为是艾米的小说呢，就紧跟了进来～看看都写了啥吧～～
ps: 竟然说我积分不够8000， ...

请看系列5
环肥燕瘦没有能够完成

扣肉儿

为什么不能看TAT

enkyklios

扣肉儿 发表于 2013-6-23 14:46
为什么不能看TAT

很对不住大家，

在这个里边我想用我自己的分类方法，和自己的语法见解做一个系统的分析，使得比较更加简洁和可操作，但是眼睛过敏只做了个开始没有能够完成。

LEEUPON

0 0我不是大牛

mithan

kankan!!!!!!!!!

enkyklios

mithan 发表于 2013-6-26 06:24
kankan!!!!!!!!!

这个因为没有完成，所以现在看不了，不好意思
但是可以看系列5，也是关于比较的