大搜魂针系列之一 【being】

enkyklios

The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to Southern Chile.
A.    Columbus was the Incan highway, which over 2,500 miles long and extending
B.    Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, and extended
C.    Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended
D.    Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended
E.     Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending
OA 是E，关于D和E，我觉得D的语法逻辑意思都ok。有人说being错误，它咋就错了，有什么根据？简单的以Being错误为原因排除D我觉得不可取，求大神赐教！






我认为目前为止所有的being分析都没有说到重点，它们一会说being什么情况下一定错误，一会又说没有什么绝对的定理。归根到底这是因为大牛们在总结规律的时候没有能发现在being 终级奥义---也就是being其实有两种语法作用，如果我们不把这两种分开来讨论，这个问题永远都讨论不清。

be的两种作用（词条来源于OED,例句来源于牛津高阶英汉词典）
1；With adjective, substantive, or adjective phrase; acting as simple copula: stating of what sort or what a thing is.        其实就是作为系动词的用法
例；The lamp is on the table.   They are on holiday in the Lake District.
2  be;  With participles and infinitives, serving as an auxiliary and forming periphrastic tenses.                                       其实就是作为辅助动词的用法
例；He was killed in the war.           Where were they made?



进入正题

being……的用法非常的灵活，无论何种来源的being都可以作各种名词性的有成份（主语，宾语……），副词性的成份（状语），可以作独立主格，

那么区别是什么呢？  
亲为了让更多童鞋看到贴子部分内容隐藏了，如果你看了喜欢别忘了回贴好评哟



注意；只有在作形容词用的时候区别来了，也就是说我们绝不要把系动词来源的 being（第一种用法）作定语用。就像楼主这道题一样。



我们用我们的理论来回头看大神Ron的总结；
1,It is part of Passive-voice construction(note that such constructions require a form of “to be”),so,if the paasive voice is in the -ing form,that form will manifest as "being".
这其实being 助动词来源时的用法的一小部分罢了，，因为它名词性，形容词性，副词性，独立主格都可以做，所以这种用法没有问题

2,It is used as a Gerund(i.e.,the action of “being something”is treated as a Noun in the sentence),most ,but not all of these gerunds will be the gerund of a construction in the passive voice.
这一条总结的也没有错，因为我说了这两种用法的区别在于形容词性的时候（作定语的时候）Gerund 是用于主语，宾语等名词。所以跟我说的不矛盾。
搞得像个论文一样，总结起来就是一句话当且仅当being ……作定语使用的时候我们小心的区分一下be的来源就一切OK了
说一下你的反例；这时候Ron的总结显然遇到了问题
A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man.（08prep)
这其实是一个独立主格作补充说明；，但是根据他总结的两条显然不够用而且他这两条一来太偏面，二来没有能指出重点。（说起来Ron算是总结的不错了-经常听有些人说什么gmat不喜欢being这就等而下之了）。

关于being冗余的问题；
这是一个很奇怪的说法，任何一个单词都有它存在的意义。事实上有没有being意思完全不同。我们看一下这句话。
Cooperative apartment houses have the peculiar distinction of being dwelling that must also operate as business.
这句话的意思是说合作工寓作为住宅有着美称，但是仍然商业运营。这里有being 表明cooperative apartment 是dwelling。如果没有being那么它就不是dwelling.所以being怎么会是一种多余成份呢？又怎么能见到就排除呢？
如果上边这句话大家理解不了，我再给大家举个例子，  我享受总统待遇（可以在总统套房里，我未必是总统.这时不用being）
                                                                                         我作为总统享受总统待遇（我肯定是总统，这时一定要用being)
当然being的错误并不都是作定语引起来的，但这时你不能笼统的说它是语法错误
那么它们是为什么错误呢？我们来分析一些gmat的试题
The coyote is one of several recent ecological success stories:  along with the white-tailed deer, the moose, and other species that are enlarging their natural domains, they have established themselves as supreme adapters in an era when the capability to adjust to the environmental changes wrought by human beings has created a whole new class of dominant large mammals. (E)
they have established themselves as supreme adapters in an era when the capability
they have established themselves as being supreme adapters in an era when being able
it has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when to be able
it has established itself as being a supreme adapter in an era when its ability
it has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when the ability

道这道题D并非由于语法上being的错误，而是语义上的不合理。例如下边的句子都是正确的
he quickly established himself as being one of the best teachers in all of France during this time.
OGCM has established itself as being a company of integrity,

It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America's Lake Superior.
A. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers
B. Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers
C. Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering
D. Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers
E. Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering  

这道题E中being更不是语法错误，完全是因为逻辑上出了问题。OG难得对这个问题解释的挺清楚
Despite being called a sea indicates, somewhat illogically, that the largest lake being called a sea would lead one to expect it not to be the Caspian. This makes little sense, esp. to those who are familiar with the name Caspian Sea.
She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States.

A. She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to
B. Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York as compared to
C. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in
D. Although she was less successful after emigrating to New York when compared to
E. She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in

B中的错误一大堆，大家只说它错在being就未免不公平了，事实这里不能说being就错，也不是being加形容词就多余，Being less successful than he had anticipated, Dodge offered to resign at any time that ……这都是完全正确的句子。所以大家要用心体会gmat这么重视being绝不是因为它可有可无，恰恰是因为它十分重要。关键是它怎么搭配，怎么使用。

The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures,others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.

A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter
B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters
C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters
D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter
E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter

这里作伴随状语不适合加being. 我们也不会说 He got home late that night, being hungry and tired


对于以下问题同样欢迎大家跟贴探讨
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系列一庖丁解牛   【being】
系列二无中觅有 【having done】  
系列三环肥燕瘦【比较】
系列四以假乱真 【，Ving】
系列五毫厘千里  【than的误区】
大搜魂针系列终结贴；迷雾重重【再话having done】
谁是谁非----再话【having done 】

神奇的语法之【无处不在】

神奇的语法；怎样快速看清一个句子的结构

神奇的语法三；代词指代有无规律
大话with结构及用法

bejamin1111

有疑惑，
1. 回顾be在现代英语中的2中用法与后面的being的用法有神马联系？
2.“being……的用法非常的灵活，无论何种来源的being都可以作各种名词性的有成份（主语，宾语……），副词性的成份（状语），可以作独立主格，注意；只有在作形容词用的时候区别来了，”
being做名词性、副词性这个说法的根据是神马？为什么being只有在做形容词性时需要区分开来？

adamzjw

沙发拿下！。。。

bejamin1111

前二占位！！！！！！！！！！！

FTKJ

看一看，瞧一瞧

nickychen

学习！

enkyklios

bejamin1111 发表于 2013-6-17 12:43
有疑惑，
1. 回顾be在现代英语中的2中用法与后面的being的用法有神马联系？
2.“being……的用法非常的灵活 ...

be作为动词也有一般动词的特征，一般动词可以有动名词的用法（名词性）和分词的用法（副词性）为什么be不可以呢

Being poor,he couldn't afford a TV set.   副词性
Being a good boy is your best choice      名词性；

之所以要区分开来是因为系词来源的being ……不能作定语

ARG

来看看熊GG

云游

enkyklios每次的推敲的很细致啊，顶一个

baibai0002001

dddddddddddddddddddddddddd