求问新prep中代词指代的矛盾。。拜托大牛帮帮我吧><

Mia努力ing

找了很久都没找到前人的讨论，只好发个新帖麻烦下大家><代词指代这块真的好难判断，有的说是临近原则，有的说是主语优先原则，还有说逻辑优先原则。。然后我就搞不清楚了。。逻辑优先的话总感觉理解不能呀，那岂不是我觉得应该指代哪个就可以指代哪个了么= =

请先看两道题
203.  In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.
(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing
(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize
(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize
(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize
(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing

正确答案是E。后面的解释中说E项的by tourists在从句的介宾短语里，是不会被指代的。

222. Although people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their death rates from heart disease are far lower in France.
A.people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their
B.people in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the
C.fatty foods are consumed by people in France at a comparable rate to the United States’s, their
D.the rate of fatty foods consumed in France and the United States is about the same, the
E.the rate of people consuming fatty foods is about the same in France and the United States, the

正确答案是B。但是C项的解释说Their 指代的是people in France。

我的问题是，为什么第二题的by people in France可以被指代，但是第一题的by tourists不可以被指代呢。。
好茫然啊好茫然。。求指导！！谢谢大家！！

enkyklios

位置不同，第一题是作定语，介词短语在定语中是不会被指代的。但是第二题是被动语态 by引出consume的主语people。
指代的问题太过多变，所以很少见到有人可以完全用语法去规范。但是大多数都可以通过语感正确判断，

adamzjw

你有没发现第二题即使是指代也是指代 people （in France）。

如果指代了France才有你说的问题。

Mia努力ing

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-6 17:09
位置不同，第一题是作定语，介词短语在定语中是不会被指代的。但是第二题是被动语态 by引出consume的主语pe ...

谢谢亲~不可能被指代的只有当介词短语做定语的时候么~？

Mia努力ing

adamzjw 发表于 2013-6-6 17:48
你有没发现第二题即使是指代也是指代 people （in France）。

如果指代了France才有你说的问题。 ...

我是觉得第二题C项里面的by people也是介词短语。。

enkyklios

Mia努力ing 发表于 2013-6-7 00:50
谢谢亲~不可能被指代的只有当介词短语做定语的时候么~？

当然不是。例如；in the university ,it is…… it不能指代university啊
但是我现在还不能用一个很精确的语法分类回答你什么时候能什么时候不能

chongyini

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-6 17:09
位置不同，第一题是作定语，介词短语在定语中是不会被指代的。但是第二题是被动语态 by引出consume的主语pe ...

请问一下，203题中的D选项，that was exhaled by tourists，如果说介词短语在定语中是不会被指代的，那为什么OG的解释中说them same to refer to tourists?