than到底省略了什么？

enkyklios

than到底省略了什么？

Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.

(A) they had in their previous campaigns

(B) their previous campaigns had had

(C) they had for any previous campaign

(D) in their previous campaigns

(E)  for any previous campaign 正确

这道题正确选项为E,补全以后应该是
Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than were taken with them for any previous campaign
我们对比另句话；
Those small domestic mills will take morebusiness from the big American steel mills than would have been taken by the foreign steel mills in the absense ofquotas

注意；这时这个句子到了这个程度再也不能补全了，如果试图强行补全主语。语法学家们说这在逻辑上自相矛盾，在句法上经不起检验，语义上经不起分析。（呵呵他们的原话）

关于选项A;  我们不管有无其它错误它补全以后的形式应该是；
Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had （enteried russia with）  in any  previous compaign

这里要表达的意思并不是军队曾经多次到过俄国，所以仅从语法结构上来还勉强说的过去，但是我们不但要语法上合理也要逻辑上合理，所以A无疑是错误的。

According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty thanunder it.
A. than 正确
B. than born
C. than they were
D. than there had been
E. than had been born

这里A选项补全以后应该是； in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than were born to women under thirty.


.In his eagerness to find a city worthy of Priam, the German archaeologist Schliemann cut through Troy and uncovered a civilization a thousand years older as was the city Homer’s heroes knew.
(A) older as was the city Homer’s heroes knew
(B) more ancient than the city known to Homer’s heroes
(C) older than was the city known to Homer’s heroes
(D) more ancient of a city than Homer’s heroes knew
(E) older of a city than was the one known to Homer’s heroes
the key:B



比较中的另类；

According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.

A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice

B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing

C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing

D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice

E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

此题答案是C。一直不知道这道题的语法怎么解释。



Since 1990 the global economy has grown more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.
A) Since 1990 the global economy has grown more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
B) Since 1990 the growth of the global economy has been more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began
C) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture
D) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began
E) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture.
Key: A

According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about equivalent to the enrollment of the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of
(E) as many as are enrolled in


A recent United States Census Bureau report shows that there are more than three times as many households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents’ home as compared to households where the grandparents are living in their children’s or grandchildren’s home.

(A)as compared to households where the

(B)as there are households where the

(C)as those whose

(D)than compared to those where the

(E)than there are whose

B: correct

值得注意的是, 若从句中相比事物非 X而为 Y , Y 在从句中理当出现, 只是其前不可冠以任何内含量概念的限定词而已。这样的
Y 作主语时仍占主语位置。如:
There are as many prizes as there are girls


There is a widespread belief in the US and Western Europe that young people have a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had and that the source of the change lies in the collapse of the 'work ethic'.
A. a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
B. less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
C. a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
D. less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents

In the United States, while the number of foreign-born residents and their children is higher than ever, the percentage of the population they represent is not, in 1910 this group made up 35 percent of the population when compared to 20 percent in 2000.
A. population when compared to 20 percent in 2000
B. population as compared to 2000, when it was 20 percent
C. population, comparing it with 20 percent in 2000
D. population, unlike 2000, with 20 percent
E. population, compared with 20 percent in 2000
E: correct
B为什么不对？        例如下边句子是正确的；      
Last year (2010) the specialized services ridership was 150,000 as compared to 2006 when it was 112,000.
我想可能是因为in 1910吧。in 1910不能 compared to 2000
in 1910 this group made up 35 percent of the population as compared to 2000, when it was 20 percent

Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.

(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads

(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do

(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do

(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads（B）

(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads

According to a 1996 study published in the Journal of Human Resources, Americans of Middle Eastern descent were twice as likely as was the national average to be self-employed.
(A) as was the national average to be self-employed
(B) as the average American to be self-employed
(C) as the national average that they would be self-employed
(D) to be self-employed than was the average American
(E) that they would be self-employed than was the national average


Dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do

Americansof Middle Eastern descent were twice as likely as the average American to be self-employed.

(2) Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than(that/what it cost/it cost) in any previous election.
(3) Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectation that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

句子(1)里的do要不要省略？cost这里应该是不及物动词，我觉得应该要省略，但是答案却没有省略
句子(2)里如果不省略的话，应该填入哪种才是正确的？
句子(3)personal spending怎么可以和1.4 growth rate比较呢？但这又是答案~


Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last because refiners are paving about S5 a barrel more for crude oil than thev were last year.
(A)Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were
(B)Heating-oil prices are expected to rise higher this year over last because refiners pay about $5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did
(C)Expectations are for heating-oil prices to be higher this year than last year's because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did
(D)It is the expectation that heating-oil prices will be higher for this year over last because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil now than what they were
(E)It is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year's because refiners pay about $5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did


To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
A. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
C. would hav to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
D. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
答案D .   og 上说知识跟时间不能比较

A decade after initiating the nation's most comprehensive and aggressive antismoking program, per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as in the nation as a whole.

(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as

(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs to about 60, more than twice as great as that

(C) California's annual per capita consumption of cigarettes declined from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop

(D) California has seen per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs annually to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as that

(E) California has seen annual per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as that

答案：D

American productivity is declining in relation to Europe's; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice that expended in West Germany.

(A) as much as twice that expended in West Germany
(B) as much as twice that of West Germany's expenditure
(C) up to two times of West Germany's expenditure
(D) up to two times what West Germans expended
(E) up to double the West German expenditure

enkyklios

PREP-SC比较类题目小结

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-238882-1-1.html

“比较”这个考点一直是偶的弱项，这几天做完PREP语法，发现考到“比较”的题目有四十道之多，分类小结了一下，觉得明朗了一些。大家帮忙看看差错，讨论讨论。
考点一：not so much that… as that… 与其说…不如说…，形式平行
错误用法：not so much their…as much as that; not so as…as much as; not so much… so much as，且前后不平行
2. According to one expert, the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much that dogs are being bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteria
                as that the breeds have relatively few founding members.
A. the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is
                    not so much that
                dogs are being bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteria
B. the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not as much their being bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria as much
C. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog that they are being bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria as much
D. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is their being bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria so much
E. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog to be bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteria
A: correct


考点二：A as… as… or adj.er than B;  A at least as adj.er as B
错误用法：A as… or adj.er than B（少as）; as…as compared to; as… than compared to; as… than
6.  In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.
A. most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
B. most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
C. most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
D. mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle
E. mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
C: correct


44. The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one in a million chances to cause cancer.
A. as little risk as one in a million chances to cause
B. as
                little risk as
                one chance in a million of causing
C. as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause
D. a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing
E. a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause
B: correct
as … A as B ，A和B要平行


72. A recent United States Census Bureau report shows that there are
                more than three times as many
                households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents’ home as compared to households where the grandparents are living in their children’s or grandchildren’s home.
(A)as compared to households where the
(B)as there are households where the
(C)as those whose
(D)than compared to those where the
(E)than there are whose
B: correct


40. To meet the rising marketing demand for fish and seafood, suppliers are growing fish twice as fast as their natural growth rate, cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets.
A. their natural growth rate, cutting their feed allotment
B. their natural growth rate, their feed allotment cut
C. growing them naturally, cutting their feed allotment
D. they grow naturally, cutting their feed allotment
E. they grow naturally, with their feed allotment cut
D: correct
A do B as fast as C do D


考点三：less/more adj. … than… ，比较对象要对等，补出助动词以避免产生歧义，介词不可省略
错误用法：缺少助动词；补出的助动词与前面不一致；more…in stead of…/as opposed to…
18. There is a widespread belief in the US and Western Europe that young people
                have
                    a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
                and that the source of the change lies in the collapse of the 'work ethic'.
A. a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
B. less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
C. a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
D. less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
                had
               
E. a lessening of the commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had
D: correct
less of a commitment与a lessening of the commitment含义不同，less of是（相比之下）较少的，而lessoning是减缓，没有对比的意思。
lessen: verb. to become or make sth become smaller, weaker, less important, etc. lessoning是名词


21. Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow costal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver.
A. than in shallow costal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be 指代的对象不一致
B. than in shallow costal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
C. as opposed to shallow waters along the coast, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including
D. instead of in shallow waters along the coast, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and making them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including an
E. instead of shallow coastal waters, because it exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and make them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
原文用than是表示比较，more likely to be found at…than in…
而as opposed to: =rather than, 是取代的意思，改变原意。
               
B: correct


70. Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.
A, less than they did
B, less than it did
C, less than they were
D, lower than
E, lower than they were
A: correct


167. Britain's economic growth was slower in the mid-1970's and its decline much more rapid in the subsequent recession than the United States.
A. Britain's economic growth was slower in the mid-1970's and its decline much more rapid in the subsequent recession than the United States.
B. The economic growth of Britain was slower in the mid-1970's and it declined much more rapidly in the subsequent recession than the United States did.
C. Britain's economy, which grew more slowly in the mid-1970's, also had declined much more rapidly in the subsequent recession than the United States did.
D. The economy of Britain
                grew more slowly in the mid-1970's and declined much more rapidly in the subsequent recession than did
                the economy of the United States.
E. Britain's economy grew more slowly in the mid-1970's and its decline was much more rapid during the subsequent recession than the economy of the United States.
D: correct
正确答案的瑕疵，did指代的动词不明，既可以grew也可以是declined，以前GWD有过类似指代不明的错误选项。（我认为是指代前面两个动作，OG上的cattle breeding的例题也是如此）


127. According to two teams of paleontologists, recent fossil discoveries in Pakistan show that whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates--a group of hoofed mammals that today includes cows, camels, pigs, and hippos—than
                to any other mammals.
A. that whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates—a group of hoofed mammals that today includes cows, camels, pigs, and hippos—than
               
B. that whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates—a group of hoofed mammals that today include cows, camels, pigs, and hippos—as
C. whales, porpoises, and dolphins to be more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates—a group of hoofed mammals that today include cows, camels, pigs, and hippos—than they are
D. whales, porpoises, and dolphins as being more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates—a group of hoofed mammals that today includes cows, camels, pigs, and hippos—as they are
E. whales, porpoises, and dolphins as more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates—a group of hoofed mammals that today include cows, camels, pigs, and hippos—than
A: correct


152. Officials at the United States Mint believe that the Sacagawea dollar coin will be used more as a substitute for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than
                four quarters, which weigh 5.67 grams each.
A.    more as a substitute for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than
B.     more as a substitute for four quarters than the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far less than
C.     as a substitute for four quarters more than for the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far less than
D.    as a substitute for four quarters more than the dollar bill because its weight of only 8.1 grams is far lighter than it is for
E.     as a substitute more for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than it is for
C: correct


考点四：as be the case (with)…，是as the case be的倒装
错误用法： as it be; than be the case; as in/with the case of;
29.  There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels: more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990
A) generated through wind power now than it was
B) generated through wind power now as it was
C) generated through wind power now as was the case
D) now generated through wind power as it was
E) now generated through wind power than was the case
C: correct


77.  Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its store, it expands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its outer envelope of gases to become a white dwarf.
A. Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its store, it expands into a red giant, eventually ejecting
B. Like any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Sun’s core is exhausted, then it expands into a red giant and eventually ejects
C. As in the case of any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Sun’s core is exhausted, it will expand into a red giant, and eventually ejecting
D. As any star of similar mass would, once the hydrogen in the Sun’s core is exhausted it will expand into a red giant and will eventually eject
E.
                    As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its core, it will expand into a red giant and eventually eject
E: correct


78. As it is with traditional pharmacies, online drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful, since it is primarily prescriptions that attract the customers, who then also buy other health-related items.
A.     As it is with traditional pharmacies, online drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful
B.      As with the case of traditional pharmacies, online drugstores rely on prescriptions to have success
C.      As is the case with traditional pharmacies, prescriptions are the cornerstone of a successful online drugstore
D.     As traditional pharmacies, so online drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful
E.      Like traditional pharmacies, the cornerstone of a successful online drugstore is prescriptions
C: correct


考点五：compare/contrast的用法，(as) compared to/with（GMAT没有考to和with的区别）,省略了主语和系动词，即A be compared with/to B，与in contrast to都是惯用法，前后比较对象一定要对等
错误用法：将compare用作主动(when compare…; comparing…)；比较对象不对等
31. A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.
that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times
                    more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
                    
that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to
                    42 times their pay, the ratio
CEO’s who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
CEO’s now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times
C: correct


50. The automobile company announced that the average price of next year’s models would decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars and trucks this year.
A. The automobile company announced that the average price of next year’s models would decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars and trucks this year.
B. The automobile company announced that the average price of
                next year’s cars and trucks would decrease four-tenths of one percent, or about $72, from
                that of comparably equipped models this year.
C. The automobile company announced that there would be a decrease of four-tenths of one percent in next year’s models price, or about $72, below this year’s comparably equipped cars and trucks.
D. Compared to comparably equipped models this year, the automobile company announced that the average price of next year’s cars and trucks would decrease about $72, less by four-tenths of one percent.
E. Contrasted with comparably equipped cars and trucks of this year, the automobile company announced that the average price of next year’s models would decrease about $72, or four-tenths of one percent.
B: correct


102. Compared to those who do not, running three days a week saves an average of 14.1 percent on health-care costs each year in the United States.
A. Compared to those who do not, running three days a week saves
B. Compared with nonrunners, people who run three days a week save
C. Compared to not running, those running for three days a week save
D. When compared with those who do not, people running three days a week save
E. When compared to nonrunners, running three days a week saves
B: correct


104. In the United States, while the number of foreign-born residents and their children is higher than ever, the percentage of the population they represent is not, in 1910 this group made up 35 percent of the population when compared to 20 percent in 2000.
A. population when compared to 20 percent in 2000
B. population as compared to 2000, when it was 20 percent
C. population, comparing it with 20 percent in 2000
D. population, unlike 2000, with 20 percent
E. population, compared with
                20 percent in 2000
E: correct
when compared的用法不对…，compare动作的发出者是group，即主句的主语。
状语从句中（如果其主语与主句主语相同）省略是个常见现象，从句中的一些词（如主语和系动词）常可省略。


144. In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States trade deficit with Mexico declined bv $500 million as a result of record exports to that country.
A. In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States trade deficit with Mexico declined by $500 million
                as a result of record exports to that country.
B. In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States sold record exports to Mexico, reducing its trade deficit by $500 million.
C. When compared with ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States sold record exports to Mexico, reducing their trade deficit by $500 million.
D. Compared with ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States sold record exports to Mexico, reducing the trade deficit by $500 million.
E. Compared to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States record exports to Mexico caused a $500 million decline in the trade deficit with that country.
A: correct

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-238882-1-1.html

bejamin1111

comma后面的是一个modifier应该没有问题，在GMAT里常见的就是comma+Ving这个modifier的两种用法；所以在这里我大胆猜测，comma+to do这个结构修饰前面整句话，表目的，哈哈

enkyklios

bejamin1111 发表于 2013-5-7 23:12
comma后面的是一个modifier应该没有问题，在GMAT里常见的就是comma+Ving这个modifier的两种用法；所以在这 ...

感谢bejamin111,
我也觉得它应该是表目的。但只是不定式表结果的时候常用逗号隔开，表目的的时候一般不用逗号隔开。
Adam Smith's wealth of Nation(1779)  is still worth reading to appreciate the current  relevant of Smith valid
没有逗号不是更好吗？

bejamin1111

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-7 23:52
感谢bejamin111,
我也觉得它应该是表目的。但只是不定式表结果的时候常用逗号隔开，表目的的时候一般不用 ...

我觉得恰恰是因为这个modifier太长了，所以才隔开，如果连起来，worth reading to appreciate 就有点unidiomatic的感觉，你觉得呢

enkyklios

而且我再次研究了一下不定式作目的，发现在主语都是人，这里不定式主语也不是人啊，所以读起来还是很别扭

enkyklios

bejamin1111 发表于 2013-5-8 00:04
我觉得恰恰是因为这个modifier太长了，所以才隔开，如果连起来，worth reading to appreciate 就有点unid ...

嗯，应该是这样，最不喜欢看见不定式前边有逗号。
现在脑子有点糊了

kiwifoodtown

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-8 00:09
嗯，应该是这样，最不喜欢看见不定式前边有逗号。
现在脑子有点糊了

多看看句子，就会发现不定式用法很多很多。

enkyklios

----------------

zwhjzwhj

看到一个帖子说，第一句话的than后面补出的是（it had had ）感觉比补出were对。OG的解释上面也写得是had had