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板凳
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楼主 |
发表于 2013-5-7 00:29:50
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Verb Tense, Mood, & Voice
Tense:时态
Mood:语气
陈述语气;
虚拟语气
Voice:语态
被动语态;
主动语态
简单时态(Gmat所喜欢的):
一般现在时;
一般过去时;
一般将来时;
进行时态:
现在进行时;
过去进行时;
将来进行时;
备注:GMAT中现在进行时不能表示将来的时态,太过口语化;
表示general states的动词没有进行时态;如know或signify;
完成时:
现在完成时:Present Perfect
定义:The Present Perfect indicates either continued action or continued effect of a completed action up to the present.
过去完成时:Past Perfect
定义:过去的过去;
需注意点:
不是所有的过去的过去都使用过去完成时;
一般来说,当需要阐明或者强调过去事件的先后顺序的时候,需要用过去完成时;
之前的事件应该对后来的事件有影响;如果事件先后顺序很明显,那就不需要使用过去完成时
Antonio DROVE to the store, and Cristina BOUGHT some ice cream.
Laura LOCKED the deadbolt before she LEFT for work.
And和but连接的两个过去的动作不需要过去完成时;before,after等表示先后的词不需要;
特例:
you can even make a tricky sentence in which the first clause expresses an early action in Simple Past. Then, a second clause expresses a later action in Past Perfect to indicate continued effect (by a still later past time).
Right: The band U2 WAS just one of many new groups on the rock music scene in the
early 1980's, but less than ten years later, U2 HAD fully ECLIPSED its early rivals in
the pantheon of popular music.
Eclipsed发生在was之后,但是用的是过去完成时,为了强调这个动作对后来的影响
注:Do not use the perfect tenses when the simple tenses will do. The GMAT prefers simplicity;
虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood
用于以下两种情况;
(1) Unlikely or unreal conditions (usually after i f on a similar word).
(2) Proposals, desires, and requests formed with certain verbs and the word that.
两种分类:Hypothetical Subjunctive;The Command Subjunctive
Hypothetical Subjunctive条件虚拟:
IF..then结构;then后动词时态灵活
The helping verbs would and should NEVER go in the i f part of the sentence, according to the GMAT!
The Command Subjunctive祈使虚拟:
Bossy Verb + THAT + subject + Command Subjunctive
We PROPOSE THAT the school board DISBAND.
经常用到的bossy word(后接动词原形):
demand, dictate, insist, mandate, propose, recommend, request, stipulate, suggest
It+adj+that+sb.+V原形
这些形容词包括:advisable, crucial, desirable, fitting, imperative, important, mandatory, necessary, preferable, urgent, and vital.
备注:Whether之后不能用虚拟语气;suggest之后有时候不用虚拟语气;
Wrong: I like ice cream, WHETHER it BE chocolate, vanilla, or any other flavor.
Right: I like ice cream, WHETHER it ]S chocolate, vanilla, or any other flavor.
Her presence suggests that she is happy. 这里suggest意思是probably means
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